Case study, starbucks corporation Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

, starbucks corporation - Case Study ExampleThe agency statement of a company is a very important tool in its marketing. Starbucks mission states to stir up and nurture the human spirit-one person, one cup and one neighborhood at a time (Grundey, 2010). In other words, the company did non focus on serving great hot chocolate but to pick up the customers engaged at emotional level. As explained by one of the companys most self-made managers, one that saw the most positive change in the success of the company, Starbucks was not in the coffee business to serve tidy sum but in the people business to serve coffee (Levi & Linton, 2003). In other words, the company sought to create a home away from home such that people had another place other than their workplace or their home where they could socialize and share their experiences as they drunk pure coffee.It puts a lot of emphasis on sourcing the best coffee from the market. The company promoted not only(prenominal) the lives of those who supplied the coffee but roasted the coffee to ensure that its quality was superb. Maintaining topnotch quality coffee berries and proper(ip) manufacturing meant that people could bet on continued quality of the drink. That way, the stores remained favorite spots for the people.Starbucks also focused on employee involvement. In other words, there had to be a good environment for the customers whenever they visited the coffee shop. For this reason, the employees had to be excellent team members and had to be above average in terms of customer relations.Unlike most companies today, Starbucks did not focus on profits only. The company takes seriously the virtue of good neighborhood. In the stores, it did not publication the customers background or their color of the skin. Starbucks focused on being good to the community at striking and to bring together partners, customers, and the whole community.Starbucks strategies had a lot of impact on the performance of the company. It is normal for several(prenominal) companies

Langston Hughes' Poem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Langston Hughes Poem - Essay ExampleIn Rivers, Hughes claimed this legacy-vocabulary of place encompassing downriver, the term for all the fear places in the lower South to which slaves were sold off, the riverside, one of the relative safe havens and sites of resistance deep down the heavens of the plantation itself, and over Jordan, the beckoning frontier of freedom visible from inside the bounds of enslavement and exile as it was elaborated and interpreted in the nineteenth century in the traditional Negro spirituals and in such(prenominal) classic fugitive slave narratives as Frederick Douglasss and Harriet Jacobss as sites of meditation, rebellion, and recuperation. (R. Baxter Miller, 2005).By placing that inherited vocabulary of place within a wider geographic perspective, however, Hughes proposed a reconstituted imagery of place for the twentieth century, one associated with a progression crosswise continents in a historic and prophetic language of belonging and entitlem ent, beyond enslavement.

Should Prostitution Be Prohibited Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Should Prostitution Be Prohibited - Essay ExampleFurthermore, it promotes the growth of an immorally-based community. Based on the supra underpinning evidence, it is justifiable to strongly say that whoredom ought to be tabu in our society. hindrance of prostitution go forth reduce the high number of incidences of adultery. Prostitution gives men the opportunity to cheat on their girlfriends and wives in an easy. Therefore, if it is prohibited cheating men will suffer extremely consequences since the law will be on their toes. As a result, the number of men who take advantage of prostitutes, wives, or girlfriend will decrease dramatically. Indeed, prostitution ought to be prohibited since it gives rise to many problems in relationships and marriage as well as coat way for many other plagues.Prohibition of prostitution will create a friendly milieu for all especially the children. This is because prostitution makes it hard to explain to children the difference between money and depend on, and love and sex since it make them believe that money is more worthy than self-esteem and love. Prostitution immensely affects the morale of a society or community. This is because it makes such a society ignore and become immune to graphicness of sexual images that ar thrown in its members faces daily. As a result, members of a society hardly understand the significance of private and personal relationships. In fact, prostitution lowers women dignity since it makes them send the message to men that it is alright to be toughened like sexual objects. Connectively, many women are subject to wrath of sexual pressure in parliamentary law to measure up to hookers. Prostitution, breaking up of ethical and social barriers that many women have worked on in order to reduce sexual harassment occurs. Prohibition of prostitution will help reduce the mind-set harbored by many men that women can easily be bought and sold like goods or services. Prohibition of prostitution will help avoid turning sex into a full-blown business. Prostitution has a high likelihood of making sexual services commercial hence, making them likes any other consumer and merriment goods. For instance, there many casinos, in Australia where prostitution is legal, which deal with sexual favor chips that, are cashed in at various local brothels (Weitzer 67). Commercialization of sex will be eliminated upon breastwork of prostitution. Prohibition of prostitution will also reduce the large number of crimes rates that are sky-rocketing. According to Weitzer (87), most prostitutes tell on their bodies since they are in dire need of money to purchase illegal drugs. In connection to this, prohibition of prostitution will cut down the rate of illegal drug trafficking. Governments that have legalized prostitution and serve to promote street or underground prostitution to avoid paying taxes that these governments charge. These prostitutes feel spill to pay taxes since they believe that th ey did all the work alone therefore, they should reap their profits and benefits alone. This, in turn, increases the number of crime and abuse against hookers since it put quite a number of them on the streets. Prohibition of prostitution will march on will reduce or eliminate the number of advertisements for sexual favors that pop up on all(prenominal) street even in places that families and parents strongly oppose them to be. As a result, incidences of children developing immune to the promiscuousness of their society and

Further Education, Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

hike up Education, - Personal Statement ExampleIt has also reinforced my belief in the importance of education. As I see my own children go off to school, I am reminded that I am the model that they provide pattern their own life after. My education go forth fulfil my goal of attaining a degree and help as an example to my children of the importance of education.The time away from education has also given me the opportunity to exculpate what I expect from a college degree. I know now that I want to study medicinal drug and the first step will be the access course that is offered by Nicholls College at Manchester. I will eventually build on this experience to further my education at Manchester University.I feel I am taking the correct course of action at the right time in my life. universe a mother has tempered my judgement and provided me with the motivation for accomplishing this goal. I feel that the challenges that I have set about will make me a better student and my fami ly will offer me the necessary support it takes to outmatch in the courses at Nicholls College.

Discuss how can the cloning of linker histones help to understand Essay

Discuss how can the cloning of linker histones help to understand their function in cells - Essay modellingHistones have a characteristic histone fold domain consisting of structural motif known as helix-turn-helix and that atomic number 18 three alpha helices that all connected by loops. Each of the histones fits perfectly with their counterpart to form heterodimer structures that bust the appearance of a hand-shake. The histone cell structures are buried inside the core structure of the nucleosome. The histones have conspicuous N-terminal tails protruding out of the compact structure. Often the terminal tails are subjected to several post-translational adaption that include methylation, ubiquitination, acetylation, phosphorylation, and many more (Xie 2009). It is the combination of the marks they get through the modification processes, and that determine the factors that stick with to the region of DNA and in the long run regulation the expression status of the given locus. T he bigeminal loci occurring as unambiguous clusters on different chromosomes are where the histone genes typically transcribed.Histone proteins have their individual repertoire of variants distinct in the sequence of their amino acid mostly in the protruding N-terminal region. The expression of the variants, which is dependent on the type, can either be replication-dependent or replication-independent. As will be discussed in a use section below, their main function is to mark specific regions of the DNA by replacing canonical histone from the nucleosomes redeem and the particular site. This stress on distinct regions in the genome has a noteworthy part in enlisting of diverse factors to that site occasioning differential treatment. It is this mechanism that lays the foundation for creation and development of an epigenetic memory.The dyad axis vertebra of symmetry that is where the exiting and the entering DNA duplexes cross has been a long held outlook of the most likely lieu for the binding of the linker histone to the nucleosome core particles. The high

Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 5

Finance - Essay ExampleTo conduct this mathematical function billsmaking(prenominal)ized message imprecates tend to lend capital to private individuals as well as organizations so these individuals and organizations net wont this money to make further investments and conduct expenses. An opposite tendency of such banks is to accept deposits do by individuals and organizations (Viney, 2009, p.50). Commercial banks even conduct several secondary functions which include creation of credit, funds dispatch and services that are general in nature. Sources and Use of Funds The main source of finance for commercial bank which contributes heavily to its cash inflow is deposits. Deposits are regarded as the money that a particular commercial banks account holder transfers to the bank for the purpose of safekeeping in order to use this money whenever the account holder needs it. These deposits are added by two kinds of account holders, these include those who let a saving account a nd who hold a current account. Other than deposits, commercial banks even benefit funds through the act of borrowing money. Commercial banks do not normally borrow money but in order to respond to short depot financing needs it borrows money from other banks or they even borrow money through the Federal Reserve (Madura, 2011, p.442). Banks even attain money through by charging for the various services it provides to its account holders from those who have borrowed money. Those who borrow money pay hobby which is the return that commercial banks attain for providing the service of borrowing money. Commercial banks even obtain finances by putting up its stock for sale on the stock market this is mostly done when the bank wants to expand in size. There are different uses of a commercial banks funds, they chiefly use their funds in order to lend money and this is the main way through which they earn profit for their services. These loans are provided for a particular period of time and the bank charges a fixed reckon of interest on these loans and in order to provide loans, they obtain collateral in shape of airplane propeller and additions from the borrowers (Viney, 2009, p.60). In most cases the collateral is the asset that is being financed by the commercial bank itself. These loans are provided for the purpose of consumer lending and organizational lending. Another primary use of the funds of banks includes corrupt of securities that are short term in nature. Banks even use their funds to conduct activities that are not stated on the ratio sheet of the bank. These activities include forward contracts, standby letter of credit and others. Commercial Banks and Businesses Commercial banks are of gravid importance to any business or organizations. The main way in which a business uses a commercial bank is that a commercial bank is a source of finance for a business. twain large organizations as well as small and medium sized organizations rely on commer cial banks for financial purposes. There are several closes due to which a business may borrow money from a particular commercial bank. Businesses obtain loans for the purpose of commercial mortgages, this means that when a business wants to purchase a new building or a factory or any other asset it resort to commercial mortgages. Businesses even obtain loans for the purpose of the purchase of new equipments so the business burn obtain equipments and machinery in order to remain competitive in the market (Madura, 2011, p.450). A major reason due to which organizations borrow

Accounting III.Forum Question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

business relationship III.Forum Question - Essay ExampleBecky should ideally report the transactions to the higher authorities of the car manufacturing friendship so that they could initiate appropriate measures but such activity might lead to her termination of employment.If Becky informs almost the transactions that are taking place in between the dealer, Mueller Imports and the sales executives and the sales manager, it is certain that penal measures would be taken against the dealer which might lead to termination of enfranchisement. Also, it would certainly affect the brand note of the company as it would get revealed that the executives of the company are involved in unethical dealings.It would be wise to gather enough evidences by Becky against the dealer and then to lodge complaint to the higher officials of the car company. It is homely that such a complaint would bring out the unethical nexus in between the dealership and the sales team. Therefore, the controller sh ould show enough guts to handle the issue ethically.Kothari, S. P. & Ramanna, Karthik. What should GAAP look standardised? A survey and economic analysis. 21 January 2010. The University of Chicago Booth. No Date.

Effective Programs For Hispanic Students Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7500 words

trenchant Programs For Hispanic Students - Essay Examplelthough schoolings cnnot chnge the socil relity, they cn crete different society in spite of appearance their wlls. Getting to know the students nd their fmilies s well s welcoming their lnguges nd cultures cn build coherent community where the bilingul progrm becomes n integrl prt of the school.Improvement of bilingul progrms necessittes fundmentl chnges within the whole school becuse the overll qulity of the school give ffect the bilingul progrm. For the most prt, good bilingul progrms exist within good schools.To crete legal context for bilingul lerners schools should set cler gols, crete bilingul biculturl society, integrte the bilingul progrm into the school community, know the bilingul students, provide ledership nd support for the bilingul progrm, set high expecttions for bilingul students, pursue qulity personnel willing nd prepred to work with bilingul students, estblish productive prtnerships with prents nd commun ities of the bilingul students.Commitment of principls nd minstrem stff to the progrm nd the students mkes it likely for bilingul progrms to be integrted into the whole school. ll stff nd not only the bilingul stff should be responsible for the bilingul students eduction. In turn, the bilingul stff should prticipte in generl school ctivities nd decision mking. When curriculum improvement or specil progrms re introduced, the bilingul progrm should lso be included. Regrdless of how integrtion is implemented, school mission, curriculum, nd environment must reflect the presence of students of different lnguges nd cultures. Otherwise, integrted nd two-wy progrms tht succeed in bringing both groups of students together will remin isolted within the school. In order to mnge the sitution when the school district oppose introduction of bilingul eduction, necessry strtegies should be pplied. First of ll, it is importnt to mke bilingul students need to feel tht their school is community tht cres for them, trets them s individuls, nd wnts them to succeed. In effective schools, dministrtors nd techers know their students nd students know ech other. Knowledge of the students nd personliztion of the teching re keys to good teching. Becuse techers relte to students both s lerners nd s children or dolescents, techers must estblish how they will ddress these two types of reltionships, wht they need to know bout their students, nd how they will cquire this knowledge. The techer--lerner reltionship implies involvement between techers nd students round subject mtter, wheres dult--child or dult--dolescent reltionships re more personl nd intimte. counseling on both types of reltionships bridges the gp between school nd the world outside it, gp tht is especilly importnt for mny bilingul students whose world differs gretly from school. Techers working with young students hve succeeded in combining both types of reltionships in the context of the clssroom. For exmple, Czden, Crrsco, Mldondo-Guzmn, nd Erickson ( 1980) ascertained Mexicn mericn techer working with first-grde Spnish spekers. Every morning s they st in circle, she collected homework nd ddressed the children with endering terms, sking questions bout them nd their fmilies. In successful high schools these reltionships hve been somewht seprte with the

Impact of Market Imperfections on International Capital Markets Essay

Impact of Market Im honeions on International jacket crown Markets - Essay ExampleThis paper makes an assessment of the impact of the grocery store imperfections on the functioning of the international upper-case letter market places.The perfect market is an economic instance which describes a hypothetical market condition in which no producer or consumer has an absolute control to influence the damages. As laid down by the design of Pareto efficiency a perfect market model would eventually lead to a totally good outcome. The theories of demand and supply let been evolved using the analysis of perfectly competitive markets. Efficient allocation and intention of resources and maximization of social welfare characterize the perfect market equilibrium (Writing Campus). The perfect market model assumes the presence of certain conditions which make the prices move towards economic equilibrium instantaneously. However these conditions are to be treated as sufficient but not nece ssary conditions.In a perfect market in that respect exist a large number of small producers and consumers. Because of their relative sizes the actions of these players do not have every signifi cornerstonet impact on the new(prenominal)s. The prices are set by the market and the firms represent only price takers (Writing Campus).In the perfect market model the goods and services represent perfect substitutes to each other. All the firms in the market sell identical products and there is no product differentiation among the individual products (Writing Campus). Perfect and consummate(a) InformationAll the players in the market have perfect and complete information rough the prices and the activities of other players in the market. The prices set by different firms in the market are known to all the players (Writing Campus). contact AccessOne of the major assumptions in the perfect market model is that all the firms in the market have equal access to production technologies and resources, since the technologies and resources are considered to be perfectly mobile (Writing Campus). Free doorThere are no restrictions on the entry to or exit from the market for any firm. The firms may enter and leave the market as they wish and such exit will not have any additional burden on the firms. There is the existence of complete independence in the market that the individual buyers and sellers act independently of each other. The market is structured in such a manner that there is no scope for a group of buyers and sellers to join together to influence the prices for their common interest. In other words there is no possibility of cartels or collusion in a perfect market model (Writing Campus). Apart from the above conditions there are certain other behavioural assumptions which as well as form the basis of a perfect market model. They areIt is the objective of the consumers to achieve maximum value and the objective of the producers is to maximize their profits. The perfect market model is subjected to severe criticisms on the ground that the model is in like manner simplified and the simplifications are irrelevant and inappropriate to describe the kind of society, market etc. This model can be regarded as a description of one type of market structure with most of its assumptions getting violated in the real world. For instance the firms may not have perfect information about each other. The usefulness of perfect market mo

Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 12

Law - Essay modellingAlain, while in the course of the act of helping Mrs Todd balance the shopping, owed a duty of trade to the complainant during the course of his employment. He approached the plaintiff to help her balance the shopping, and therefore was under the obligation of taking cargon while performing the act. However, he failed to take enough care and made the mistake of dangling the sour shopping bags on the accelerator bar, which led to the scooter speeding off to disaster. Applying the test of remoteness to this case, we wield that Mrs. Todd was directly in the path of any act or omission of Alain. (1856)Alain did not act providentially and carefully while balancing the shopping bags. Any reasonable man would have known that hanging the bags on to the accelerator would amount to a disastrous accident, especially when Mrs Todd was still on the scooter. The case of counterbalance came out with the concept of duty of care. (1990, 1932)There must be, and is, some gene ral conception of relations well-favoured rise to a duty of care, of which the particular cases found in the books are but instances. The rule that you are to love your dwell becomes in law you must not injure your neighbour and the lawyers question Who is my neighbour? You must take reasonable care to avoid acts or omissions which you can reasonably foresee would be likely to injure your neighbour.Who, then, in law, is my neighbour? The answer seems to be - persons who are so closely and directly affected by my act that I ought reasonably to have them in contemplation as world so affected when I am directing my mind to the acts or omissions that are called in question. A manufacturer of products, which he sells in such a form as to show that he intends them to shit the ultimate consumer in the form in which they left him with no reasonable possibility of intermediate examination, and with intimacy that the absence of reasonable care in the preparation or putting up of products will prove in an injury

The Catholic Church Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Catholic church service - Essay causeThe spiritually demeaning practices included the sale of indulgences and relics. Further erosion of the spiritual righteousness of the Catholic Church occurred through the corrupted clergy of the Catholic Church exploiting the pious laity, as a natural consequence of a corrupted papacy. These defects in the Catholic Church led to the attempts of St. Francis, Peter Waldo, Jain Hus, and John Wycliffe seeking to cut through these defects of the medieval Catholic Church prior to the Reformation Movement of Martin Luther.Growing Protestantism was threatening to eclipse the Catholic Church as the central religious authority in Europe, leading to the reform initiatives within the Catholic Church. These initiatives were based on a three prong strategy, and history has demonstrated that this counter of the Catholic Church arrested the return of the Protestantism at the expense of the Catholic Church.The first prong was The Council of Trent set up u nder the Pope Paul III. In essence The Council of Trent was tasked with improving the discipline and administration of the Catholic Church through identifying appointments of corrupt bishops and priests, the traffic in indulgences, and any other financial abuses. The Council upheld the basic structure and dogmas of the Catholic Church, but also tacitly determine the presence of legitimate complaints. The second prong was to address these tacitly accepted legitimate concerns. Politically motivated appointments of Bishops were halt and the Bishops given more powers to address the problems of the Church. A basic problem of poor theological education levels among the priests was identify and steps initiated to remove this deficiency. The Catholic Church took an aggressive posture through the Inquisition against the Reformers, declaring them as heretics The tercet prong was the beneficiary role played by the new religious orders led by the Jesuits and

Value & Risk Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Value & Risk Management - Assignment ExampleValue device drivers faeces be defined as elements within a project which improve the product quality, and also inform costs. These drivers become essential during project perplexity as they provide assistance to auditors on possible judge adding elements. The employment of value drivers remains fundamental to successful completion of many development projects, within the complex body part exertion. These elements remain fundamental towards ensuring projects remain within their allocated bud eviscerateary requirements, and produce satisfactory outcomes. Several value drivers preempt be identified for the project as defined below Ensure effective project precaution and delivery Achievement of required financial targets Minimising operation and maintenance costs, and environmental impact for the building Complying with variant third party requirements effective project management Effective project management process involves fitti ng utilisation of available resources as a method of minimising wastage at different project development stages. Effective management remains the most fundamental element for ensuring efficacy in development projects. This involves the proper utilisation of available resources in meeting the requirements of the project as defined in the planning stages. This value driver remains focused at ensuring projects achieves excellence through compliance with required project outcomes. Ensuring presence and lotion of this value driver remains fundamental to successful project completion. The incorporation of effective management begins with the troth of a project team. In ensuring effectiveness, the management team should be selected from individuals possessing the essential skills and expertise in the social structure industry. The utilisation of independent client advisors could be applied where the team lacks experts in a specified profession, while selecting individuals with essentia l expertise and skills, a consideration for cost should also be factored to ensure functionality of the team. The team must become fully engaged into the project from the beginning stages. Efficacy in the management skills of the team should be displayed through coordination, integration and communication among the team members, consequently ensuring the team functions as a single unit. opposite than communication among team members, external communication with stakeholders remains a fundamental component for ensuring success in development projects. Management teams should involve users, contractors and all members involved in the supply chain delivery continuously, to get their expertise and opinions on the project. The management team should develop an execution plan, which should act as a guidepost during the project lifetime. The effectiveness of the team remains the main reason behind utilising a project management team, fully engaged in the operations of the project. The e ffectiveness should be measured according to the desired industry standards, developed by regulatory organisations. Compliance to these regulatory requirements remains a key performance indicator

Doctrine of Mistake in Common Law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Doctrine of Mistake in Common Law - Case airfield ExampleIn some other human faces even when the digest is valid in law, it may be rendered voidable in equity on the ground of steal.The general thinking used to be that mistakes could non be operative in law until in case of Kleinwort Benson v Liverpool City Council3 when the House of Lords say that this rule is not part of English law. Treitel4 has considered the laws relating to mistake under five headings Common Mistake correlative Mistake Unilateral Mistake Mistake as to Identity Mistake Relating to Documents.While commentators are not agreed as to the classifications of Mistake, Treitel5 in his book The Laws of contract, 11th edition, deals with Mistake by contrasting Mistake nullifying assume (Parties reach agreement which is based on a fundamental mistaken assumption) with Mistake negativing consent (Where mistake prevents the parties from reaching an agreement e.g. where they intend to contract about different things). Some commentators involve gone on to divide mistake into two parts, that is, common mistake shared by the parties, and mistake in communication. In a common mistake shared by both parties, although both parties apparently in agreement, have entered into the contract on the basis of a false and fundamental assumption. It is called common mistake since both parties illuminate the same mistake. The contract is not necessarily void at law in these circumstances.In the case In the case of doorbell v prize Brothers Ltd.6, definition of common mistake in contract law was made. During March of 1929 the Niger Company, which dealt in trade in the western African area, was merging with a stir company and wanted to get rid of two employees Mr. Bell and Mr. Snelling, who were hired as chairman and vice-chairman of the company. chairman DArcy barrel maker on behalf of prise Brothers7 made a deal with Bell and Snelling to leave the company in exchange for a sizable compensation (a Golden ha ndshake8). At the time of the agreement both parties believed that the workplace contract had not been breached and thus the company would not have been able to terminate Bell and Snellings study under any other circumstances. It was later revealed that there was in fact grounds for termination at the time of the agreement as Bell and Snelling had used their positions to make a secret profit for themselves.Lever brought an action claiming recission of the compensation agreement because of mistake of fact.At trial the jury ensnare that Bell and Snellings illicit dealings breached the employment contract and that if the Lever Brothers had known they would not have entered into the agreement. Furthermore, the jury found that at the time of the agreement Bell and Snelling did not have in mind their illicit acts.Lever Brothers pursued the case vigorously as it considered the behavior of Bell and Snelling simply unacceptable. To appreciate this legal betrothal you have to understand t he background of the personalities involved. Francis DArcy Cooper - a senior partner with his uncles accountancy firm Cooper Brothers and staunch Quaker9 - became chairman of audit client Lever Brothers in the early 1920s. He was hired by Lord Leverhulme10 when the banks were threatening to call the loans on the company due to devastating losses incurred by the saucily acquired Niger Company that crippled Lever Brothers. Cooper arranged financing from Barclays Bank under the

A paper on To Forgive Design by Petroski Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

A paper on To Forgive Design by Petroski - raise ExampleThe blames of these occurrences are directed to poor aspiration.However, Henry Petroski in his writing, To Forgive Design, says for determining causes and correction of technology failure, we must look beyond design. Petroski in his writing examines many of famous failures of our time from Minneapolis bridge dampen in 2007 to Gulf oil spill in 2010 (Petroski, pg. 5). These inevitable disasters show the interdependency of machines and people whose hard behavior the designers did not foresee. Petroski says even simple technology is embedded in socioeconomic and cultural reserve constraints, contradictions and complications. This work go away research the necessity to imagine failure, the causes of error in engineering and ultimately explore how failure is the best teacher.The most profound mistake engineers and designers can commit failing to imagine the misadventure of failure. Having in mind that some people have failed before and as an individual failure is a real issue, makes engineers develop disclose designs. For instances, Petroski cites software developers who analyzed their historical developmental failures and helped them come out with better designs of their products. Petroski shows that by explaining the interconnectedness culture, technology and dangers seen to emerge from the complex then it leads to a successful path (Petroski, pg. 23). This forms a platform to encourage the engineers and designers before taking any of the construction they need to imagine of the possible failures. This will act as an analysis opportunity for them as they determine what can be the cause of those failures. sometimes people fail to heed to the warnings and this ends up being catastrophic. Even the strongest structure of the world with the best design can collapse.Therefore, when one imagines that way he explores on the possible designs that are better than the one in place. This opens up the mind of th e engineers as they develop towards

SQL Server Column Level Encryption Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

SQL Server pillar Level Encryption - Case Study ExampleEven though firms try to encrypt info with various methods and keys, it has been noted that these companies are ascertaind to two major categories of terrors (Jayanty, 2011). Chiefly, restricting access to pure reading is a basic protective approach to the firms data. However, considering that cyber-attacks comprise a major threat to business and research firms, it is observed that access restriction is not enough. Consequently, encrypted data and restricted access to sensitive information suffer from the possible virus attack that can destroy the data rather than expose it. With this in mind, rudiment Institute of Research and XYZ Inc. are vulnerable to losing data or having their research decision on genetics expose to their rivals. For this reason, column-level encryption using symmetric keys (Aqarwal, 2011).Under the circumstances defined above, when encrypting data, it is consequential to note that data can be access ed in two ways. Firstly, sensitive data is stored in forms of retentiveness and anyone can have access to these memory cunnings. Secondly, sensitive data can be acquired from its storage device for access to another device. As a result, data encryption should ensure that once an unauthorized military group is able to get to the data, access to that data is not discernable using a simple query. Ordinarily, ABC and XYZ would store their research findings in various columns that comprise of genetic patterns, associations, links, and procedures of deciphering various DNA codes that all command to be encrypted.Using the SQL Server Symmetric key encryption, the SQL Server allows the encryption hierarchy that needs to be followed to the latter. Forthwith, the hierarchy allows the creation of a master key for the SQL Server which provides the first step of encrypting the database using a password.

The Social Security System today is one that Beveridge would Essay

The friendly Security System today is one that Beveridge would recognise. Discuss - Essay ExampleModern social shelter remains is the Great Britain differs from its programs and implementations proposed during 1930s-1940s (Alcock & Craig, 2001). William Beveridge, an economist and social re course of instructioner, was one of those politicians who proposed a comprehensive social system aimed to nourishment British population and improve conditions of life for millions of people. It is possible to say that Beveridge would resognise new-fashioned social security system because it meets the main principles and values proposed by Beveridge 70 years ago.Critics (Alcock & Craig, 2001) admit that the modern benefit system is electrostatic based on the Beveridge Report of 1942 (Siegfried 1963). Beveridges model for a new system of social security envis termd a central role for universal and comprehensive social damages, building on the national insurance system of rules established by the 1911 Liberal Government (Aaron 1982). His intention was that the new system of insurance benefits would guarantee a subsistence level of income to cover the major causes of income loss, through unemployment, sickness, and old age, whilst individuals would be encouraged to provide a higher(prenominal) standard of living for their families by voluntary savings (Morgan, 1994). Beveridge hoped that such(prenominal) a scheme would satisfy the involve of most of the population, but accepted that a safety net of residual assistance would have to be available for those who failed to qualify under the contributory scheme (Alcock & Craig, 2001). According to the Beveridge Plan, such a social security system could non be implemented in isolation the government also had to be commit to introducing family allowances and a national health service, and to maintaining full employment. In this way, Beveridge, like subsequent policy makers, recognized the interrelatedness between social sec urity and other areas of government policy. Today, to promote security, and particularly economic security, the Great Britain substantial a variety of social security programs. Some have taken the exploit of social insurance whereby contributions are made to a fund by workers, employers, self-employed persons, and governments, and payments are made to persons whose income has stopped for such reasons as old age, disability, unemployment, or death of the wage earner (Siegfried 1963). Other programs have taken the form of social assistance whereby persons in need receive public relief or pensions by integrity of age or for other reasons (Morgan, 1994). Still other social assistance programs have taken the form of social benefits whereby all persons meeting certain qualifications such as attainment of a prescribed age and having a certain period of citizenship or residence receive benefits, without regard to any previous contributions or taxes paid or demonstration of individual nee d (Alcock & Craig, 2001).In contrast to previous models and programs proposed by the government, modern social security meets the basic principles and philosophy of Beveridge. As the most important, modern security system covers not only elderly people but unemployed, poor, old age, disabled and other categories. Each of the Government spends to a greater extent than 1 billion on benefits and their administration (McKay & Rowlingson, 1999). Today social security benefits in Britain, as in most other developed countries, fall

Management Challenges and Concerns Report Essay Example for Free

focal point Challenges and Concerns Report EssayThe purpose of the Management Challenges and Concerns Report is to indicate the responsibilities of care and how to meet or exceed company goals. This report includes details of management challenges within a company. In addition, this report specifies possible causes and solutions to internal issues at work. This report shall prove how strategic planning, goals, productivity, and evaluating issues play a probatory persona in solving issues in compassionate imagination management entities. Some of the responsibilities of human resource management be of providing employees with information on the companys vision, goal, HIPPA privacy rights, and mission statement. In addition, employees fool information on safety rules, insurance benefits, compensation, employee relations, training, and orientation classes.These responsibilities are significant and require patience on with strong leaders. humane Resource Managers has to acqu ire a bachelors or masters degree in management, management classes, and pass test. Also human resource management requires the undermentioned characteristics positive, consistent, prompt, role model, team player, and strong leaders. Performance Management consist of appraisal system, driving appraisal process, evaluating employee performance, and performance focussing (Brewster Soderstrom, 1994). Internal issues pertaining to employees consist of productivity, abiding by company rules, safety, passing training classes, and positive work morality. Human Resource Management has rules and regulations in the company handbook to ensure consistency at work. These rules and regulations set the grounds for a productive and professional employment environment for employees and management.Internal issues may arise however it is human resource management responsibility to solve any issues before any escalate. Employee Relations play an primary(prenominal) role in solving internal issu es by evaluation and resolution. Employee Relations consist of the following duties account handling, discipline management, managing absenteeism, managing attrition, and employee termination (Brewster Larsen, 2000). Strategic planning is vital because it provides a forecast for the company to follow in efforts to exceed goals and gain a competitive advantage. Goals and productivity shall be reasonable and achievable by following rules and the company mission statement.Management shall evaluate and solve internal issues with good decision-making and by the company handbook accordingly. In conclusion, this report specifies the responsibilities of human resource management in thorough details. The elements of solving internal issues consist of following strategic plans, goals, rules, and mission statement. As a result, the company shall gain a professional workplace environment, productivity, and competitive advantage. This report proves that following strategic plans and enforcing c ompany guidelines are the foundation to positive work ethics and suceess.ReferenceBrewster, C., Larsen, H. H. (2000). Human Resource Management in Europe The Role of the Line. Human Resource Management in Northern Europe Trends, Dilemmas and Strategy, Oxford, Blackwells . Brewster, C., Soderstrom, M. (1994). Human Resource and Line Management. Policy and Practice in European Resource Management, London, Rourledge .

Bond and Curve Essay Example for Free

Bond and Curve EssayThe commencement ceremony tool that we compliments to practice school term to face at news, news for primed(p) income. So what well do is well sail down to the bottom of the com flummoxer menu, and well break down on 14 NBOND for lodge news. Clicking that, itll load a very known rascal for you. This is the news categories. And youll tick off on the t every(prenominal)ness leftfield in the toolbar it says cleaves. So now we declare a bun in the oven our crest bond news.This isnt further our choke bond news, but as hearty we lowlife select popular news, and we nates in any case verify all(prenominal) news for bonds. You basin consumptionize the fiberface of fixed income news by either mouse blackguarding on customize and choosing from t here(predicate), or if you click new search you tail end likewise type in sum totalal fixed income topics like credit markets, municipal bonds, additional categories that I already run th rough and through in my finicky manage here. at a metre for the next filmdom that we would like to style at is economic calendar. This is another screen that you should be familiar with already from the other videos, but permits type in ECO for economic calendar. And from here, specifically for fixed income, we rat focus on releases at heart the top left menu. If we click the economic releases and go down to government auctions, this is passage to bring up the auctions for the join States in contingent. You good deal change the country. If you want to put in Germany, you sewer type in Germany.And come upon if we go covering fire to the United States, all the current releases are in white and all the future releases are going to be in amber, secure like before. If you want to watch the results of those, you shadower again click into that release and you notify confabulate that data in there as thoroughly the news stories listed below. at matchless time for an ov erview of the global fixed income markets, we can type WB for world bond markets, and whence hit the go key. reflection that we puzzle our countries on the left hand gradient, and across from those we affirm columns for development like bell, the change in price, give back, change in yield, a charge of the yield.And thus on the dear field side, we throw a relative value performance of how do we look how is the yield now versus the sightly over a period? In this case, were comparing the yield of now in blasphemous versus the average, which is in three months. You can change that easily by clicking one week, for congressman, and now you can assure if the yield is wider or tighter than the average that you specified on the top sound.In addition, you can change the due battle of the bonds. If you want to look at five years, change it to five years and thatll update thatll update accordingly. Itll salute you the individualistic securities here. If you want to see a ny additional discip roue from those, you can rattling click on the name of the country, and thatll take you into a deeper level menu where now you can see the different tenors of that sheer. You can see the prune sends, butterflies, additional information there that you can explore.Lets hit the menu key. We also have two additional tabs. If you click on spreads, thatll give you spreads relative to the country you have selected. If you want to see spreads relative to Italy, we can charter Italy from the list. And now its giving you the spread of Italy versus the United States in blue.Additionally, you have the spread chart and the historical comparison for sale just like in the bonds tab. Lastly, we have the curves tab. And what thats doing is its letting you comparing all these countries with a side by side of each point on that curve so you can get a quick and real-time update of those curves and how theyre moving. now WB is a monitor with real-time information that rates (ph) before long trading in the market. For an overview of bond yield forecasts, we can look at BYFC and hit go. at one time BYFC result give you bond yield forecasts for multiple points on the curve, as well as three-month benchmark rates, as well as tenor spreads that you can specify up on the top advanced. You can reduce down the countries or focus on the countries based on your field on the top.And going back to lets say the United States, BYFC has six quarters worth of forecasts. And these forecasts are contributed to us by economists and market researchers on a monthly basis by our Bloomberg monthly news surveys. When you click into the particular bond tenor, itll mention who forecasts, as well as the statistical information that corresponds with those surveys and when they were received.For a real-time monitor of benchmark rates, you can use BTMM. BTMM is our treasury and money markets monitor. This can be specified by country. You can change your country on the top le ft and past navigate based on the region and favour the country directly from there. Now we have rates from deposit rates, all of our benchmark rates. It also includes treasury rates on the left side, as well as even the gold touch sensation rate and fair play index futures. This is a great way for market players and for you to get a wink in real time what the rates are as they change in the market.To conduct curve comparison, to look at a curve for a particular country, to look at their CDS curve, rate curve, we can look at all those by typing CRVFgo for curve finder. Within the curve finder, along the top the tabs exit examine you what types of curves we have available. Within those, we can navigate by country. We can also look on the far side and see based on those countries what we have available.Now in our example, lets search for the A US corporate curve. If we go to credit and then(prenominal) we look at industrial, we can then select the A. And we wanted to see this in US dollars, so we can click on US industrials A BVAL curve. Now that we have selected that curve, we can go to the bottom right and click show selected curves. Now we can see the curve for the US industrial A curve where we have the one-year through 30-year rate. These are the yields of the curve, and we also have some additional curves on the far right that Ive added in the past.But right now were only seeing the industrial A curve. We have the yields down here on the bottom, and if we want to see this as of a historical date, then we can see how did that curve look one week ago. If we click on the one W at the top, now we can see the current curve versus the curve of one week ago, and then the spread between those two. If we want to enter a custom date instead, we can enter those dates here by clicking, and then we can put in the dates on the top.Now if we want to specify a custom date, we can go to the more tab. Then once we select, we can drop the custom date and then enter, lets say, treat 9, 2012. When we click update, now our curve will show March 9, 2012, along with the other dates there. If we want to add another curve and see how does this industrial curve compare to, maybe we could use the US swap curve here, we can just check that curve. And now youll see the other curve is in a different color and you can see them charted against each other. You can always unselect you can always re dissemble those curves as you like. If you want to add a curve thats specific, you can click to browse, and then use that same menu and navigation to go to your next curve.The in the end thing I want to show you with the curve is to click menu to go back. And we can see these data points numerically in a table if we scroll our mouse or hit the paginate forward key on our keyboard, which is the green key next to our menu key that you used before. Now you can see for each curve what that historical date was in the table.All the applications weve reasoned today h ave all been market monitors and broad-level overview. Now lets move into echtly finding a screen for securities. Then well finish with looking at individual credentials applications.Now, to start, the easiest application that we have to do a security find is to actually use SECF, go. SECF is our security finder. And what that allows you to do is to browse Bloombergs universe of securities and statistics. Now the security finder is really in two sections. The top is our control area, which allows you to look at the individual tabs by asset class, as well as the search tool at the very top left. The second half is really the discloseput section, the section thats going to show you the results in a table, and then itll let you search by relevancy.Now lets say that we have an example where we want to search for a bond from IBM. We can click on 32FI, and then ceremonial that we have always additional buttons across the bottom. Now we have this for corporates, but in addition, if yo u happen to look for bond futures, interest rate swaps, credit default swaps, loans, those are available there too. For IBM, well stay on corporate. And then in the issuer name, we can type in IBM for International Business Machines. Alternatively, you could also type in IBM as the ticker since thats the actual corporate ticker for IBM.Here we can actually look through the list and search what coupon we were looking for. We can do that, or we can actually limit it out and type in 7.5 and if thats the coupon were looking for and then itll show it right there. Itll give us brief statistics in that list. And then when youre ready to actually load that security for analysis, then you can actually click on that security and itll launch that for you. Now if you would rather use the search box instead of narrowing it down through these filters, you can clear that from the list. And then in the top where it says search, you can type IBM. We were looking at the 7.5 percent coupon. When we hit go, then again itll show us our result here.If you handle to do a more sophisticated search, you can definitely do that inwardly Bloomberg. In order to do that search, you would type SRCH and then hit go. Within SRCH, you can do an advanced search for corporates and government bonds. To do so, start out with clicking on the top red top right red advanced search button. Now youll see your difference choices on the left for your filtering. If you wish to specify an issue date or a maturity date, you can go into issuance information 2, click there, and then you can enter that information here.Additionally, covenants. You can definitely select any one of these check boxes. You can just definitely notice these gray tabs as you scroll across the top. This is where youre going to get your additional information. You can narrow it down by credit ratings and choose. Lets say you want to use SP ratings and you want to include only investment grade in your search.Now you can either ind ividually select, or you can click investment grade and then click update. You can also if you want to specify a particular range of yields or a particular price range, you can click 7, inventory and analytical data. And then down here in the warmheartedness you can specify your prices or your yields. Well make our search very broad and well put in 1 to 10 percent, and then click update. This is this is not the exhaustive list. You can click any one of these. And youll notice that we also again have additional tabs here if you want to sort by sector. The list goes on.Now lets click 1 go. The way to see your search results is to click 1, go to search. Notice that we have over 30,000 results. Well only see 5,000 of those results in this screen. In addition, if you were to export this to Excel, which you can definitely do, that will also be limited to a maximum of 5,000 results, just as as a situation for that.You can also save this search. If this is a search that you need to run again, then you can go to options, save search, and then you can come back to this search in the future and rerun it. And in the future, you may have youll have the opportunity to have those different results.Now lets lets look at screens that pertain to individual securities. Before we were looking at a bond with a 7.5 percent coupon from IBM. We can type IBM at the top, and then 7.5. Notice that our railcar screw attend tos find that security. So you can use SECF that we discussed before, or you can use auto complete to type in your security if you have the the information here, like we do. You can that to select your security, or you can also type it in as your CUSIP (ph) or other identifier there and itll help find it for you.Well click it from that list, and that mechanically loads the security for us. Youll notice that we have this menu of applications that we can run. And we wont have time to discuss these today, but definitely explore these for your analytics for rela tive value hedging, things that you can look forward to in the future.The particular screen that were looking for right now is the description page. So click on 16 DES on the top right. Now notice on the description page we have the core information, including issuer, the type of issuer it is, the sector that theyre in. We have the coupon coupon frequency, core information closely that security. On the left side, we have navigation. We can look at information such as covenants. We can look at bond ratings. If you want to see historical bond ratings for this issuer, then you can actually click on the expansion tabs to see those right in the screen.In addition to that, you can also see if theres multiple coupons or if theres a schedule, if its callable or puttable, things like that. You can click into schedules. Its grayed out if its not available. In addition to the information that we have in the bond description, we also have a tab for issuer-level information. Lets click on 22 i ssuer description. And particularly, we can look at 4 debt summary to look at their distribution.Now here we have nice charts and breakdowns, but note that in these individual tabs on the left we can also launch the individual applications directly by clicking on them. If we expand this window, now we can see the full application for our debt distribution. And here we can see IBM, and then we can also see the companies that are part of that business where we can see the issuer and subsidiaries. As we scroll down, we can see that finished list.One additional note is that you can also group your debt distribution by whether its just the issuer only obligations of the current issuer. You can narrow down that debt based on its group. Lets close that. Notice that we have more than just the debt distribution. We also have major creditors who own that bond, credit wellness as in financial ratios to give you a better perspective on not just that particular issue, but also that issuer.Now, to move from core information core descriptive information to actual analytics to run yield analysis on this particular security, we can type YA and hit go for yield analysis. On this page, you can see that we have additional tabs, one for yield and spread. We can then move to determine to see descriptive information. But lets stay on the yield and spread tab just for a moment.The yield and spread analysis screen will let you price a fixed income security, solve stake, hedge amounts, and see market data. You can input custom spreads. So in this case its the spread to bench, and itll reprice your security based on your input. So here we put a spread to bench of 20 basis points and it recalculated our price and yield.In addition, we can change how we calculate our yield if its yield to worse (ph), or yield to maturity, or yield to a custom date. We can also enter in historical dates in our historical settle (ph), and you just type that in here. We have our spreads. You wont need to know if youre not familiar with these types of spreads, if you hover your mouse over them, itll give you a brief description of what those are.On the right side, we have our risk measures, risk and convexity. We have our risk hedge. These are against the benchmark that you select here. And then also, it calculates our accrued interest and all-in price. We can move across the tabs along the top, and now we can pricing. Pricing based on whats available on the market from the trace reporting, from our runs messages, things like that, descriptive information or snapshots from what we had on the description page that we looked at just prior to this screen. We have relative value graphs to see not just what it is today, but how thats changed over time.And then custom gives you full customization of what type of information you want to see on each page. You can click into any one of these tabs to then launch that individual analysis within that section of the screen. If you like this custom tab or any of these tabs, you can change the order by dropping it across, and then itll set that way for you going forward.The final screen wed like to discuss today is a credit monitor that you can type GCDS. Notice again we used auto complete. We can select it here or hit go. And what GCDS does is it shows you credit default swap spreads based on the sectors that you choose.gcds You can set it by region. You can import a portfolio or based on an equity index, a launch pad monitor. It gives you a very wide range of sources to pull that from, as well as the full customization of what spreads you wish to see.In my setup here, we can look at it by region. We have it set up for the Americas, although we can set it for global. Here I have listed for banks, but we can choose by any sector listed in this drop menu. We can choose to sort out whether we want to see investment grade or high yield. And then we can choose which tenor of the CDS curve we wish to view. And lastly, we can choose which pricing source we want to narrow that down by. We can choose CMA New York, for example, or we can also use a Bloomberg composite price here, which is what well use going forward here.Now, on the right-hand column are all securities or all the issuers where we have CDS pricing based on our selections up here. If we choose to check off the box, then itll add that that name to that chart, and youll notice its added that in the legend if its available. We also can see the average spread for all 35, or we can do we can click on average of selected ancd then see that charted. So we can say which names are higher up the average, which names are below the average.To conclude that example, notice that our highest spread on the chart is currently Morgan Stanley. Notice that on the legend it highlights the name. That is currently trading above the average, which is 201. Notice that if I put my cursor on the actual the average of selected, then it also highlights which line th at is. The average is at 201. So GCS is a great tool to not just narrow out the individual names that you want to chart on a graph, but also lets you easily compare those not just against each other but also against as a group average.And just as a note, if you never get your mouse to the very top right hand corner, you can see that theres an icon with a green arrow. You can click on this green arrow and drag that into Excel, and thatll move the information from the screen into Excel for you. This concludes are session on fixed income essentials. If you need any future assistance, please feel free to hit the help key twice for immediate assistance from our 24/7 global help desk.

Exile and Suffering Essay Example for Free

Exile and Suffering EssayEarly scholars of Anglo-Saxon literature believed that The Seafarer delineated an early pagan poem that had been adapted for Christian audiences by the insertion of pious formulas throughout and a moral at the end accordingly, these scholars expended considerable ingenuity in attempting to excise the Christian elements to discover the palpable poem hidden beneath these composite overlays.Pounds famous translation, in line with this emphasis, consistently removes or downplays many explicitly Christian elements of the poem and stops before the overtly homiletic conclusion, which features some(prenominal) dozen direct references to God and the heavens in the last twenty-five lines. Now, however, critics seem generally to sum that the two halves of the poem are unified by a movement from earthly chaos to celestial order and that its coherent thematic thrust is the Christian message that the after vivification is more important than life on Earth.The poe m is frequently discussed in conjunction with The Wanderer, another Exeter Book poem that shares many themes and motifs with The Seafarer, including the building in which a specific treatment of biographical subject matterthe plight of a rover or Seafareris followed by a more general homiletic section that draws a sacred meaning from the earlier material.The sailor, as a man required traveling over a strange and dangerous environment, had always seemed to Christian poets to be a naturally apt image of the believers life on Earth, which should be viewed as a hazardous journey to the true home play of promised land rather than as a destination to be valued in itself. In this poem, the speaker seems to be a religious man (or reformed sinner) who has chosen the seafaring life as much for its qualification as a means of spiritual discipline as for any commercial gain to be derived from it.The original opposition in the poem between landsmen and Seafarers gives way to the insight th at all men are, or ought to think of themselves as, Seafarers, in the sense that they are all exiles from their true home in Heaven. As lines 31-32 (previously quoted) establish, the land can be just as cold and forbidding as the sea, and the virtuous, at least, should hope that they allow for be sojourning in this harsh world for only a brief time.True Christian Seafarers moldiness psychologically distance themselves from secular life, as the Seafarer of this poem has done both literally and figuratively. The poet appears to encapsulate his theme at the pivotal midpoint of the poem therefore the joys of the Lord seem warmer to me than this late(prenominal) life, fleeting on land. This recommended ascetic withdrawal from worldly interests should enable the Christian to properly reject the console of life on the land as transient and seek spiritual rather than physical comforts.

Live in Essay Example for Free

Live in Essay22 stately 2008 In January 2008, the Supreme Court reasonableated long-term live-in relationships as marriages. A Supreme Court judiciary headed by Justice Arijit Pasayat with P Satasivan declared that tikeren born out of much(prenominal) a relationship give no longer be called illegitimate. Law inclines in the interest of authenticity and thumbs down whoreson or fruit of adultery, the court added.The apex court opinion was followed by similar suggestions from the National Commission for Women (NCW). In June this year, in response to recommendations made by the Ministry of Women and Child Development, the NCW sought-after(a)-after(a) a change in the exposition of wife as described in Section 125 of the Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC), which deals with maintenance. The NCW recommended that women in live-in relationships should be entitled to maintenance if the cosmos deserts her.Emphasising the need for broadening the definition of wife in the CrPC section, NCW officials said there had been cases where the man led the woman to believe that he was unmarried or was divorce or widowed and went ahead with the formalities required by marriage justnesss or the custom regime him. As a government agency of countering this, NCW chairperson Girija Vyas suggested that even if a marriage was non registered, a womans get hold of would stand if she provided enough p ceiling of a long-term relationship.This underscored the Supreme Courts stand that a man and woman, having lived together for long, would be presumed to have been married, unless it was rebutted by convincing evidence. Equal rights The recent thought is only the latest in a series of recommendations by various bodies seeking passable rights for the married woman and live-in distaff partner. A recommendation by the Justice Malinath Committee to the Law Commission of India (2003) stated that if a woman has been in a live-in relationship for a reasonable time, she should enjoy the statutory rights of a wife.The Protection of Women from Domestic delirium Act (2005) provides protection to women at the hands of their husbands as well as live-in partners, and his relatives. When the law came into force in October 2006, it did not distinguish among the woman who is married and the woman who is in a live-in relationship. The SC ruling in itself has its precedent in a 1927 judgment made by the Privy Council, the Supreme Courts antecedent in pre-independent India. In A Dinohamy v.WL Blahamy, the Council laid down a general principle Where a man and a woman are proved to have lived together as a man and wife, the law will presume, unless the contrary be clearly proved, that they were living together in consequence of a sensible marriage and not in a state of concubinage. The Council made signifi push asidet additions to the 1927 ruling in 1929 in Mohabhat Ali Vs Mohammad Ibrahim Khan. It said The law presumes in favour of marriage and against concubinage when a man and woman have cohabited ceaselessly for a number of years. For a live-in lucifer to be considered validly married, the court wanted evidence of cohabitation for a number of years, without specifying the minimum number of years. In Gokal Chand and Pravin Kumari (1952), the Supreme Court reiterated the 1929 principle. However, it added that though the impudence for a valid marriage between a live-in couple could be drawn from their long cohabitation, it wasnt enough to earn them legitimacy if the evidence of their living together was rebuttable.In this judgment, the apex court refused to recognise a live-in relationship, though the couple had lived together for some years before the pregnant woman decided to live alone with her child born out of a live-in relationship with the man. The rebuttal of a presumption in favour of a valid marriage, in this case, came from the child, who said she did not remember her father ever visiting her or her mother.In Badri Prasad (1978), the Supreme Court recognised a live-in relationship as a valid marriage, accusing the government of chiefing a relationship 50 years after the couple had begun living together, and were treated as a married couple even by their relatives. The view from the courts A Madhya Pradesh amply Court judgment in 1985 dealt with the case of Loli, who had lived for several years with Radhika Singh. Together they had five daughters and a son. The trial court disregard the case made by Singhs sister-in-law that Loli should not have property rights as she was just a mistress.The sister-in-law had sought her rights over the property, and contended that Loli had started living with Singh even when her first husband was alive, and so, there could not be a presumption of valid marriage. But the appellate court set aside the trial courts order, a stand the Madhya Pradesh High Court also agreed with. This brings us to Payal Sharma Vs Superintendent, Nari Niketan, and others, in which a court stated i n 2001 that a live-in relationship was not illegal.Sharma had moved the Allahabad High Court to be left to do her own bid after being forced to live in a Nari Niketan at Agra, following her arrest, along with Ramendra Singh, with whom she had a live-in relationship. The Agra police arrested her and Singh on the basis of an FIR lodged by her father, accusing Singh, an already married man, of kidnapping Sharma. A resident of Kannauj district in Uttar Pradesh, Sharma produced documentary evidence, including her high school certification, to prove that she was 21 years old.On the basis of this evidence, the court directed the authorities to set her free. Justice M Katju and Justice RB Mishra stated, petitioner Smt. Payal Sharma appeared before us and stated that she is above 21 years of age, which is borne out from the high school certificate which shows that her date of birth is 10. 7. 1980. Hence she is a major and has the right to go anywhere and live with anyone. In our opinion, a man and a woman, even without getting married, can live together if they wish to.This whitethorn be regarded as immoral by smart set, but is not illegal. There is a difference between law and morality. Thus, a uniform view appears to emerge from the courts, when one looks at the history of cases on the question of live-in relationships. It appears that, by and large, legal sanction for live-in relationships is based on the assumption that they are not between equals, and therefore women must be protected by the courts from the patriarchal power that defines marriage, which covers these relationships too. Shades of greyBut such protective sanction raises other questions, notably about the institution of marriage itself, for which there are no easy answers. Supposing a live-in relationship is between a man who is already married with children, and a whiz woman? In Payal Sharma, Ramendra Singh was a married man with children. Which womans interest should the courts and law protect , and in doing so, can the plain equality between married and unmarried couples be maintained? Live-in relationships also raise questions about legal stance towards bigamy.In spirit and essence, the Allahabad High Court judgement contradicts the law against bigamy for Hindus, both for men and women, which run it mandatory for a husband or wife to get a divorce before they can marry again. When bigamy is illegal except for Muslims in what sense can a live-in relationship be equal to a marriage, if either the man or the woman is already married? And how is it that a division bench of a High Court is able to pronounce a judgement that openly violates the social, legal and filial implications that bind the husband in a Hindu marriage, which includes living with the wife and children under the same roof?Theres also the question of marriage-like protection for a woman who enters a relationship with someone she isnt married to, by choice or circumstance. Does a feminine partner need t he protection of legal standing like to that of a wife, in a non-married relationship she entered into by choice or circumstance? To marry, or not to marry? Live-in relationships among urban, educated, upper-middle class young people began as a declaration of independence, as a way of keeping away from the shackles of institutionalised marriages.In fact, its a willful rejection of the institution of marriage, of the stereotypes it engenders, and of the restrictions and inequalities it has come to stand for. But, legal sanction granted to a live-in relationship may put it back in the trap that live-in partners sought to evade in the first place. This legal sanction implies that live-in relationships are bound by the same rules of fidelity, dedication and economic stability that marriage is structured in.Social geographer Soma Das says that people who opt for live-in relationships do so because they do not believe in marriage. If live-in relationships are treated on par with marriag e, umpteen young men and women may not really like to get into such open relationships. At the other end, ensuring maintenance and giving legal sanction to live-in relationships will not make the position of the female partner equal to that of the wife because social acceptance in Indian society will exit a really long time.It still does not have a mindset that accepts the estranged female partner of a live-in relationship. Psychologist Shenaz B Ilavia believes that live-in relationships are still confined to a marginal segment of society which she calls the elite, upper middle class. Theoretically, it may sound like a better proposition than marriage, but very few people actually opt for it. A live-in relationship is not a substitute for marriage, she says.

The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night Time Essay Example for Free

The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night age look forThe novel The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night Time by Mark Haddon is a very unique novel. It is unique in many ways as its written by dint of the eyes of someone with Aspegers Syndrome and this soma is explored throughout the novel. The novel is well-nigh a fifteen year grizzly boy called Christopher who has Aspegers Syndrome. This conformation doesnt allow him to earn things the way quite a little without this condition would. The novel piazza how Christopher grows up, some of the experiences he goes through and how he copes with and construes life. The themes in the novel atomic number 18 growing up, living with specific needs and the most important theme family relationships. The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night Time has a unique style in that it has been written through the eyes of a person with Aspegers. As it has been written through the eyes of a person with Aspegers it is different to mo st novels and reveals the writers personality. The narrator, Christopher Boone, who has Aspegers displacet understand people and has to include every detail and explain everything he says. The narrative style is written in a logical way with lists and diagrams.Using lists and diagrams in the novel helped us understand Christophers condition more. As that is the way he thinks and workings things out so he can comprehend them. besides as we see everything form Christophers point of view it conveys to us that he sees the world with blameless clarity. In part of the novel Christopher talks close how he doesnt analogous metaphors. Christopher doesnt interchangeable them because they confuse him and he doesnt understand them. He was the apple of her eye. Christopher does not understand this metaphor because he sees it as a lie.He sees it as a lie because an apple in someones eye has nothing to do with liking someone. Since they have nothing to do with each other it makes Christoph er hinder about what they were talking about in the first place. This section adds tour apprehensiveness of Christophers problems because as he has Aspergers he only sees the world in black or white. Metaphors atomic number 18 a colorise area so he cant process them in his brain. Throughout the novel Christopher struggles to move with other characters and finds it difficult to understand them.For example, at the beginning of the story when the practice of lawman is talking to Christopher he finds it difficult to interact with him. The policeman took hold of my arm and lifted me onto my feet. I didnt handle him touching me like this and this is why I hit him. Since Christopher has Aspergers he doesnt like being touched. If someone touches him he feels like he is being attacked and reacts to it. This is why he hit the policeman. Another reason why Christopher finds it difficult to interact with other people is that he cant understand facial expressions.As he cant understand f acial expressions he finds it hard to know what people are saying and then finds it difficult to interact with them. In part of the novel it explains why Christopher doesnt get jokes. He says I cannot tell jokes because I do not understand them. he doesnt understand jokes because as he has Aspergers Syndrome he has to analyse and think everything through in a logical way before understanding what things mean. For example, His face was drawn by the curtains were real. Christopher doesnt understand this joke because after he has thought about it he realises that drawn has three different meanings.This confuses Christopher and because of his condition it makes him feel like three people are talking to him at once. This helps us to understand they way he thinks and sees the world too. Due to the nature of Christophers condition he is unaware of the problems he causes for his parents. Since he has Aspergers it causes his parents to argue and eventually causes his receive to leave. Hi s parents would argue because his mother couldnt cope with Christophers actions. For example, one time his mother couldnt cope was when she took him shopping.And you crouched down on the floor and determine your reach over your ears and you were in the way of everyone so I got cross exclusively you shouted and knocked those mixers of the shelf. This situation upsets her and causes a row between his parents. After a while both his parents tilt cope with arguing anymore so his mum then leaves. She leaves because she believes her husband is soften with Christopher and she feels inadequate to uphold with him. Christopher is unaware of the problems he causes because that is just the way he thinks. This gives us a better understanding of how he thins and deals with problems to having Aspergers.As the novel goes on the relationship between Christopher and his father change and conflict develops between them at the beginning their relationship is very positive and strong. For example, when Christopher gets taken to the police station his father shouts at the police in defence of his son. This shows thats he cares about Christopher and that he is not angry at him fro acquire taking to the police station. Also when his father sees Christopher inside the cell they both hold up their hands and their fingers touch. This s how they show that they love each other as Christopher hates to be hugged or touched.Their relationship begins to put down when his father banged his fist on the table really hard so that the plates and the cutlery jumped around. He also shouts at Christopher. This was the first time his father had lost his patience with him. Later in the novel Christopher do a huge mistake which made the relationship fall apart. His father found the book Christopher was pen and reacted by swearing at him and eventually hit him. This made their relationship hit rock buttocks and Christopher began to become scared of his father.The Christopher find out that his father had lied about is mother being baseless and that he killed Wellington. After he finds out he cant trust his father anymore. This causes him to run out-of-door to find his mother. When he is at his mothers house his father comes to her house shouting and demanding to see Christopher but he doesnt want to speak to him but their relationship wills never be the same again. As Christopher has Aspergers he is obsessed with certain things for instance, he likes everything to be in an order and computable twenty- quaternity hour periods and blacks days.He works out if hes having a good day or a black day from cars. If he saw three red cars it was a good day and if he saw four yellows it was black days. He also is obsessed with maths and physics because he likes them and he is very good at them. He likes so much as they only have one answer and are straightforward which helps him to understand them. In the novel Christopher explains his dream. In his dream everyone on the earth i s dead however from the people who dont understand facial expressions like Christopher. Everyone dies because they all perplex a virus.They catch the virus because of the meaning of something an infected person says and what facial expressions they do when they say it. After everyone is dead and at that place is only people left like Christopher, he can do whatever he wants and never see anyone as they all like being alone. The symbolic significance in the dream is that everyone who is bouncy is like Christopher. Therefore in the dream Christopher fits in and life is a lot easier because everyone tells the truth and no emotions are included. So they all understand each other and they are all happy.One central scene in the novel is when Christopher finds the letters from his mother and realises she isnt dead. When he first realised what was expiry on he felt sick and confused. This is the first time we can see Christopher experiencing emotional pain. He doesnt know what to do s o he just sits curled up in a ball for a long time and doesnt speak. This scene helps us to understand Christophers condition as it shows us that when Christopher is confused or emotional he doesnt speak or do anything so that he can either analyse whats happening or to try put the subject out of his mind.Another key scene in the novel is when Christopher talks about when people tell you what to do it normally doesnt make sense or its confusing. For example, keep of the crap signs. He thinks that they should say keep off the thieve around this sign or keep of the grass in this park. people without Aspergers would understand this sign but as Christopher has Aspergers this sign confuses him. It confuses him because he thinks abut it logically and realises that there is a lot of grass that you are allowed to walk on.This scene also helps us understand Christophers condition because it shows us that everything he sees he has to be able to understand it logically to be able to underst and it at all. In conclusion, I think the novel was really good. I want how it was written through the eyes of someone with Aspergers as it helped you understand the novel more and also taught you about people with the condition. I also think that because it was written in narrative style it helped you to respond to Christopher better and really understands what he was going through and how he seen the world from his point of view.

English coursework essay and commentary Essay Example for Free

English coursework essay and interpreting EssayMany teenage girls might shock you with their answers. Describing themselves as ugly and fat. Over the historic period body-image issues be plaguing girls across the waitry. As a result of this majority extradite taken up diseased weight-controlling behaviour. This is done by skipping meals, taking laxatives and excessive smoking. Did you know that 9 in 10 females are cognizant and currently unhappy about their body image? More than half of these are young girls. on that point are over 1. 3 million eating disorders in the UK alone. Happy, healthy and heroic is the feeling erstwhile you overcome anorexia.Its about time we waved goodbye to the itty bitty twiggy runway models and say hi to the healthy curves of the new faces in Britains model industry. Majority of the runway models meet the body multitude index criteria for anorexia. However over the past hardly a(prenominal) years the trend of stick-thin models has starte d to become unappetising. When I was junior I had a poor self-image, very low self-esteem, and yearned for a better body. I destroyed every(prenominal) single mirror in the house as I couldnt bear the sight of my body. I utilise to sit and count my ribs. I didnt choose to be that way, it just happened. A a few(prenominal) years later by the age of 19, I was 16 stone.From suffering Anorexia to becoming one of the biggest teens in Britain, it was a shock. Then I decided to set myself a target, lose weight and appreciate what I have. Im glad Ive moved on and I wouldnt want anyone else to go through what I did. Now at the age of 22, I weigh 11 stone now, which is the gross(a) weight for me. I am overwhelmed with my body and have learnt to appreciate what I have been blessed with. I hope to soon conquer the rest of Britain and help more teenage girls on the road to freedom. I dont like to think of myself as being sm every(prenominal) size, Im fair(a) and I couldnt be happier.Katya Zharkova, plus size model. However Kate Moss has been criticised by campaigners after revealing she lives by a shibboleth which encourages people with anorexia not to eat. Nothing tastes as good as skinny feels. Kate Moss. have disorder charity Beat described the comments as dangerous and very unhelpful for sufferers. Kate shouldnt have said so, however a spokeswoman for Mosss model agency claimed This was part of a longer answer Kate gave during a wider ranging interview which has unfortunately been taken out of context and completely misrepresented. Women come in all shapes and sizes, and all of us have got the right to present ourselves beautifully in gorgeous clothes. Whether youre overweight or tall, skinny or small, we are all beautiful. Everyone is different, everyone is beautiful and everyone is normal. Remember that. Commentary I chose to produce an interpretation of women of different shapes and sizes. I have done this in a magazine/ term inning. The audience of this piece of music was aimed at young girls, teenagers and women. It is more common for them to have a stronger opinion on the matter.Throughout the bind I have written in both active and passive voice, it varies the focus of each condemnation and questions the subscriber. I have written in second and third person by development you and she which are both singular. This technique it allows the ratifier to understand different perspectives and direct the lecturer. The pronoun you links in with trying to connote the reader, by using the rhetorical question What do you see it almost gets the reader interested in reading the article right from the beginning, it asks for their opinion.The rule of three is used a number of times in this piece, itty, bitty, twiggy is mainly used for emphasis on the fact that stick-thin models are a shadow of the past. there nouns used in this piece are both concrete and abstract. Concrete nouns can be experience through the five senses, but abstract n ouns cannot be accessed by the senses and tend to be intangible ideas that form a part of our life (love, hatred). By using attributive adjectives such as gorgeous it gives the reader some additional information about the clothes before reading on.Superlative adjectives are used to compare nouns, biggest tells the readers that Katya wasnt big or bigger but she was the biggest. I decided to use contrast celebrities point of view to indulge the reader in celebrities opinions. The verb used indicates the tense of what Katya used to do in this case she used to sit and count my ribs. This quote puts the reader in Katyas point of view. The reader would imagine what it would be like to sit and count their ribs, but you can only sit and count your ribs if you are anorexic. The average healthy person has enough fat on their body to form a stomach.Katya was anorexic which meant she could feel her insides. I chose not to directly tell the reader that Katya was anorexic until the next few sen tences, to make the reader wonder what was wrong. More is an indefinite determiner used to put out to the reader a sense of discomfort most teenagers feel when it comes to body image and almost officialises the context. By using subordinate simple and compound clauses that are connected by conjunctions and followed on by a prevail over and verb. In this case So makes the reader think about the fact that there are so many different eating disorder cases around the world.Overall, I think this piece is interesting because it is an article that questions the readers thoughts about what is right and wrong about being under and over weight. In my opinion it manages to interpret different views on the matter of being different shapes and sizes and at the end uses the quote Everyone is different, everyone is beautiful and everyone is normal. Remember that. This quote uses repetition which is an excellent feature for slogans, the use of repetition means the slogan will be catchy to the rea der and will stay in the readers mind and that is what I precious to achieve when I wrote the article.

Dog Training Essay Example for Free

Dog Training EssayInformation to be output The output of the cultivation impart contain, the veterinary surgerys name, address and phone identification number and the surgery theory times on the rear end page. The opening times pull up s make fulls take hold clear that the weekend surgeries are only for urgent cases. This cusp will also crap out the hours of emergency data. The style and a hamster picture will be on the front page. The information and another hamster picture will be on the inside pages. entropy needed to produce the outputThe input needed to produce the leaflet will be a picture of a hamster this will be a file on disk, on the inside pages thither will be text on Handling your hamster, cages, feeding your hamster, drinking bottle and common illness and health problems. These illnesses will include diarrhoea and constipation. It will also include wet tails, colds, exercise and holidays. I will get this information from pages 23-24 of the booklet. On the front page there will be the title (Hamster care leaflet) and a picture of a hamster.On the back page there will be the veterinary surgerys name (Park view Veterinary surgery), the address (27 Park view, Lancre, LA6 9EJ), the phone number (01760 780003), the surgery opening times (Mon-Fri 9am-11 30am, 4pm-7pm in the afternoons) and the urgent opening hours (10am-11am in the weekends). in demand(p) outcomes and performance criteria The quality of the solution has to give an excellent impression of the veterinary and be easy to postulate so that people coming to the veterinary will be able to understand it and be able to find the information quickly in urgent circumstances.The style and layout of the output will be as follows On the front page there will be a hamster picture and the title. In the middle pages there will be the information and another hamster picture, the sub headings in the middle pages must stand out so that the reader ass find a certain type of information q uickly. On the back page there will be the veterinary surgerys name, address and phone number. It must also include the surgerys opening times and make it clear that weekend surgeries are only for urgent cases. Testing No testing needed beyond checking the leaflet meets the performance criteria.Dog Training A system will be made to elaborate the price of dog training mannequins for each dog owner depending on how many dogs are to be trained. For example, walking to heel and not pulling on the lead. Format of the output The output will be in the form of a spreadsheet. This will be an interactive screen display, no printing is asked, scarcely it can be if required. There will be columns for the number of dogs on the course, where the course is held, price of course per customer and amount paid to the trainer. Information to be outputThe information to be output will contain, the dog collars, the rewards, the location to train the dogs (the barn, the hall or the sports club). It wil l contain how many dogs are on each course, the price that each customer has to pay for each course and how much to pay the trainers and the cleaners. entropy needed to produce the output The data needed to produce the output will be the number of dogs (less than 15) on the course and where the course is held. These variables will determine how much each customer will assume to pay (less than 50) and how much the trainer will get paid (basic rate 20 + i 1. 10 for each dog).The fixed amounts are The price of the dog collars (i 1. 15), the price of the rewards (i 1. 30), the cleaners (i 6 per session). The rent be are (rent x no. of sessions). I can find all this information from pages 8,9 and 26 of the booklet. Desired outcomes and performance criteria The quality of the solution and the style and layout of the output has to give a very clear, easy to read and easy to modify spreadsheet. The maximum number of dogs must be 15 and it must also be colourful. I must have the cost of t he dog collars, the rewards, the cleaners and the location that the course will take place.

The Rise of Private High Schools Essay Example for Free

The mount up of Private spirited Schools EssayIntroFor hundreds of escape of instructions juicy groom teaching has been the responsibility of the state. Yet, in no time in history did government become so fully involved in adolescent didactics as after the Second World War. The era of big government would mean(a) big spending in various social programs, one of the approximately heavy of which would be upbringing. groundbreaking advances would be seen in the instruction of various atomic consider 18as of education previously ignored, such(prenominal) as music, art and sports. on with this involvement in the lives of their children came p arnts faith that in countries such as Canada and the United States, in the exoteric eye(predicate) education, most specifically high train education, would lay the ground work for a secure and prosperous prox for the rising adults of the nation. It was only to holds the end of the Cold War that orbiculateization accompanied by neo- plentiful sparings would force Canadians to examine their human beings high takes. The increasing importance of changing technology agreed with the general decline of normalplace schools has caused us to look with greater skepticism upon governments ability to manage the school organisation in the symbolise day. It is for these in truth reasons that p bents provoke become much open to the advantages of head-to-head education. Despite the incident that domain high schools are still largely in the hands of government in the last twenty days, we abide seen a monumental growth in clandestine institution attendance. The purpose of this work is to discuss the boot out of common soldier high school education and discuss its possible future.Literature Re considerCurrent literature supports the decline of the public high school and the jumpstart in importance of the snobbish school. Aurini and Davies (2004, 2007) have do indepth investigation on areas of confi dential reading in Ontario such as secluded tutoring and home elaboration and throughout their readings have upheld that secluded education is on the rise. Aurini (2004) in her experience as a private tutor and in her subsequent investigation into private education has seen a guiding light rise in primary(prenominal) of private education, most specifically with attitudes towards parents. In fact Aurini (2006) goes to far as to say that air of private education has resulted in the re-molding of public education. Although it is fade that studies are showing the rising importance of private education they are also outlining why this is occurring. Geiger (1994) all the way holds the legal opinion that the worldwideized valet de chambre and the resultant increase of demands on students and schools to keep up with technological advances is overwhelming for public schools and shrinking education budgets. Davies (1999) adds to this argument in his psychoanalysis of religious g roups and the growing acceptance by governments of their demands. Whereas twenty years ago their was a much more(prenominal) than(prenominal) melting-pot mentality surrounding incompatible demands for cultivation, with the growth of singularism world wide so comes the growth of individual education.There are numerous liberal minded authors such as Finn who believe that the answers to these problems can be given by the foodstuff. The constant push by some scholars to consistently patch up public school problems are rejected by Finn. He believes a more radical remove is incumbent to clean up public schools. Yet, many another(prenominal) authors continue to believe in the public school system and contend that it is an essential part of democracy and competentity in a nation. Fotopoulos (2004) claims that composition individuals live in corporation, they are in fact social individuals and that one of the most proven methods of making them part of society is through a publi c school system. Yet, other than increase school budgets it becomes more and more uncorrectable to find solutions to the public school systems problems. Cowley (2001), in exasperation states, while there is agreement about the take aim for collapse schools, there is no agreement about how to improve our schools.Growth of Private cultivation non-homogeneous frame of references of private education have expanded in impressive numbers in the Western world over the former(prenominal) two centuries. What was once thought of as a luxury or an innecessity by many parents is now being reconsidered as a viable and safe option. Canada is not the exception, although it is a notable example of how private education entities are making headway.Davies and Aurini (2004) claim that enrollment in private schools in Canada has gone from 5% to 6% during the past decade (p. 420). Although the number in appearance may calculate small it translates to a 20% growth for private schools. In Ontario the growth is even more reel and reached 40% with a total of 750 schools in the province (Davies and Aurini, p. 420). Private education is gaining importance with parents of some(prenominal) jr. and older students. This is clearly seen in the expansion of Montessori schools as well as proprietary vocational colleges (Aurini and Davies, 2004). In addition we should not forget about the growth of private tutoring and home schooling.Apart from the growth of private institutions it is eventful to take into consideration perceptions of private versus public education. A survey taken last year found that 46% of parents would prefer to send their school age children to private schools, while 60% of Ontarians hold with the phrase private school students receive a much break away education than public school students (Aurini, 2006, p. 108)Trouble in man EducationAs previously mentioned private education, until recently, has taken the back croup the overwhelming importance of governme nt lead education. An examineing of public education today and all its faults requires that we under ache its history. At the turn of the century we saw a epoch-making rise in big government, specifically in Canada. The culture and society that revolved around the welfare state of the post-WWII period clearly support governments incursion into the fields of education and health, to name a few.Parents placing their children in the hands of the state held the general belief that the schools would do their best to provide equal opportunity and social mobility. Private schools were seen to fall in the soil of those who could afford their astronomical prices.Most often private schools were identified with religion and the upper classes. Gabbard (2004) states that public schools in American society have held such responsibilities as equalizing gender and racial inequalities, providing the knowledge and skills that give allone an equal opportunity to experience the American Dream, prod ucing a workforce with skills that enable U.S. corporations to compete effectively in the global marketplace, and provisionaring citizens to be effective participants in a democratic society (p. 3). There was a common longing to believe that schools strengthen our democracy, and our ability to meaningfully participate in the decision-making processes that impact our communities and our lives (Gabbard, 2004, p. 3).Whether or not public schools are still up to this task is one of the terrible questions we must ask ourselves. Indeed, what has always been a monumental task has been further been burdened by the genius of our increasingly global, increasingly technology found and increasingly competitive society. Geiger (1994) claims, To succeed in the 21st century, todays students must graduate with more than knowledge of the past. They must have the ability to synthesize and analyze new information, think for themselves, and adapt right away to a world where change in the constant (p. 63). The technological tools that are present in nigh all forms of work are often not found in public schools (Geiger, 1994).Trouble in blue SchoolsClearly high schools are facing challenges they have not had to face in the past fifty years or that maybe they never have had to face. Run-down buildings, over-crowded classes, school violence, and poor outlandish support are only some of the problems on the long list any teacher, parent or school administrator could give you. There seems to be less schools than ever. ane report shows that, A recognise restructuring of high school facilities is destinyed, as the current design pushes teenagers into an environment contrary to the way they learn. The first and most important change should be a reduction in the size of high schools. Research has shown that students have better attendance, are less likely to drop out, exhibit fewer discipline problems, and perform better when attending a smaller high school (Hall and Handly, 2004, p. 21).An even more preoccupying problem is that of violence at school. The last few centuries has witnessed an increase in attacks of behave and a significantly more violent atmosphere. One administrator claims that, It was only after many years of experience and investigation that we began to understand the degree of rage todays teenagers feel and how the school system is failing them, not only academically but in vertical about every imaginable way (Hall and Handly, 2004, p. 21). While urban schools are plagued by violence and over-crowded classrooms many rural Ontario schools are lacking in basic material resources. Low school funding seems to be a problem best known to northern boards and rural Ontario boards (Trouble in, 2004). A study done by The People for Education shows that Ontarios smaller schools are less likely to have librarians or steerage counsellors, music teachers or physical education teachers. And they are much more likely to be personify with closing (Tro uble in, 2004) .Neo-liberal educationThere is no doubt that current international focus on liberal economics and globalization has a significant say in where public high schools stand and where they are headed to go. Neo-liberal and conservative ideology clearly hold the idea that most government run enterprises are jump to get caught up in inefficiency and become labeled as inadequate. Davies and Aurini (2004) claim that The profit motive and need to compete for student-clients is said to provide powerful incentives to improve educational service. Since such incentives do not exist in large public bureaucracies, educational businesses are more likely to deliver real results, fit to advocates.This has resulted in a rising importance of educational entrepreneurialism, mostly brought on by the changing nature of schooling and pressures in the global market place. According to Aurini (2004) the market, as in so many areas of society, including healthcare, is attempting to great deal out insufficient agents. She states that, The belief that competition and de-bureaucratization encourages accountability, efficiency and consumer responsiveness (p. 476). In addition she claims that, For market advocates, public schools monopoly status and bureaucratized form and the presence of teachers professional associations foster apathy and mediocrity to the distress of education consumers (p. 476).In the presence of competition public education entities may have to admit that they no longer enjoy a monopoly. Finn states that, If schools want students and the dollars that accompany them, they must inveigle those students, and in order to attract them they have to provide quality education. In addition, some research suggests that business in education is resulting in the adoption of these same practices by public institutions (Davies and Aurini, 2004). At the core of the argument is the belief that the market and forces of the market provide better education because the pr ivate businesses have to compete with each other.Tutoring A Growing painsThe significant growth of one sector of private education in particular provides us with significant insight on how private education has progressed over the last years. While in the past private tutoring enterprises consisted of test-prep centers and moonlighting teachers they have now evolved into private tutoring services that may include preschool programs, math and reading classes, and writing and public peaking programs (Aurini, 2004, p. 478). Aurini (2004) claims these entities are a highly evolved form of tutoring, these businesses are often developed as rights or alter into comprehensive private schools.Aurini (2004) in her two year study of private tutoring institutions in Ontario Canada shows that the significant rise in private tutoring shows a clear cracking from public to private education. According to studies the percentage of Ontario parents requesting private tutoring for their school age children has gone up from 17% in 1997 to 24% in 2003 (Aurini 2004). In addition, the number of formal businesses that offer fuller tutoring services has grown between 200%-500% in major Canadian cities over the past 30 years, a growth that is independent of public school enrolments or economic trends (Davies and Aurini, 2004, p. 422). In a further study done on tutoring franchises tutoring businesses are shown to be standardizing and broadening their services through franchises. In the form of what are being called learning centers, franchises are increasingly transcending old- air test prep and homework support, and are bundling together a variety of offerings that sometimes encroach upon public school practices. A result is that learning centres are becoming increasingly school-like by providing an alternative to public education, preferably than a mere supplement (Aurini and Davies, 204, p. 419). They attribute this expansion to the fact that franchising is the next obvious step in a successful business and they add that, Service industries with many franchises such as coffee and fasting food have likely grownmuch faster than industries marked mainly by a series of small independents (Davies and Aurini, 204, p. 423). As high school students are one of the largest groups using tutoring services, this subtle shift from public to private education is bound to have long-term consequences.Ethnicity and IndividualismIt has clearly been shown through entropy and example that private education has made great inroads in the education market, largely due to the failures of High schools and other educational entities to keep up to the demands of our fast paced, technology driven society. It is important to note that while technology is clearly a part of globalisms demands on high schools, individualisation and multiculturalism also forgather an important role in the weakening of the public high schools. While in the past it was common for religious groups to make demands on public government on term of their religion, it is now common for heathen groups to make these same demands. Davies (1999) states that, Rather than presenting their cause as religiousrevivalism and morality in public education terms with little efficacy in todays politicalculture-the coalitions are evoking the idioms of multiculturalism, minority rights, andschool choice (p. 3). more or less religious groups have requested that Quebec, embrace the reality of group based diversity in its schools, and they hurl this tenet in the language of multiculturalism. The coalitions are united in an understanding(a) of multiculturalism in which religious minority communities require separate education (Davies 1999, p. 15). Although Canada had never been the melting pot that the United States has been education has been fairly homogeneous. This is important because it shows the growing importance on individuality in Canadas education system. In Canada this is particularly importan t as one of the countrys core tenets has been unity in diversity. Canadas long standing respect for cultures has been a core element of its foundation from the beginning. Having Quebec as an outspoken and integral culture at heart Canada may have even sensitized us to an even greater extent than other westerly countries. That these demands may not be met by public high schools is of course essential to the legitimization of private schools.intensive Parenting and Individual ChildrenCanadians are having less and less children. Whereas in the past families consisted of an average of three children many couples are opting to have one or two children. This most likely is as a result of global factors and heightened individualism in parents living in an extremely materialist society. The result of global parents and less children is an intensive style of parenting that requires them to be present in every aspect of their childs life. The psychology, health and education of Canadian chi ldren is under a microscopic lens.Private institutions cater to this new breed of parent using such slogans as calls to develop you childs gifts and talents (Aurini and Davies, 2004, p. 420). Customized education is guaranteed to secure your child with a future in a global economy that seems to becoming increasingly competitive and fast paced. As Aurini and Davies have observed education has become the medium to advance upon or maintain a socioeconomic position as economic prospects for those without credentials deteriorate. Higher education is increasingly sought after throughout Canada (Davies and Aurini, 2004, p. 420). They add that this is creating a generalized culture of educational competition. From younger ages, more youth are being encouraged to view school as a competitive arena in which they must strive to get fore (Aurini and Davies, 2004, p. 420).The most obvious result of this is the re-entry of schooling into many homes. The number of home schooled children has incr eased in significant amounts over the last years.Aurini and Davies (2007) claim that while years ago home schooling was dominated by a coalition of religious fundamentalists and experimental unschoolers a variety of subgroups are now emerging, with very different goals that range from nurturing minority identities, to meeting special educational needs, to simply seeking a superior form of education (p. 462). While home schooling only affects 2% of students in Ontario it is shedding its image as a social or educational aberration (Aurini and Davies, 2007, p. 462).In addition, while home schooling was ill seen for many years, most specifically with regard to its legal standing, recent legislature have given it a new level of legitimacy. These new policies allow boards of education to deem that children are receiving satisfactory instruction at home simply by accepting notification from parents (Aurini and Davies, 2007, p. 4). In addition the provincial government no longer asks home schoolers to strictly adhere to traditional schooling methodes, and now recognize home schooling as an adequate alternative to that taught at public schools.While many scholars argue that home schooling is a result of government intervention and badly run schools Aurini and Davies take a different stand point. Clearly the neo-liberal outlook on home schooling is that a badly funded and organized public schools are not providing children with the education that parents would like them to have. A second explanation is that a fast paced economy is requiring a different type of education for its future workers. According to this argument, the new economy is raising credential requirements and intensify labor market competition (Aurini and Davies, 2007, p. 4).Aurini and Davies (2007) argue that the distinctive trait of home-schooling has to do with the ability of children to better demo themselves in a home environment. They claim that, rather than seek instrumental advantages, many of its practitioners aim to send off children from market (and bureaucratic) settings, reasoning that they are too precious to be entrusted to the care of others (p. 4)What Can be make?Canadian public high schools are no doubt moving into an era where shrinking budgets and raise outside pressures are causing numerous problems within. Schools are in disrepair, teachers are underpaid, and classes are overflowing. Cowley (2001) states in defeat that, Parents want better schools. Students want better schools. Teachers, counsellors, principals, superintendents, members of local school boards, and officials in the Ministry of Education want better schools. Taxpayers and employers want better schools. And we may well be going in a vicious circle. It is clear that high schools and other public schools need more money to keep up. Finn states that the call is the same every year. It is for smaller classes, more teachers, more teacher training, more technology, more special programs, more ho urs in the day, more days in the year, et cetera. He further claims that In both Canada and the United States, this has long been our chief lift to making schools better. It is like our chief approach to making lots of things better installa bigger engine, replace the tires, and add more chrome. Yet, how is this possible when in the example of the United States per pupil spending has tripled since the fifties (Finn). Public schools have had no choice and will have no choice but to change to meet ever increasing demands placed upon them. And as they change the private schools will become more and more necessary to parents seeking the education that their children need to survive in the future. Some believe that the very creation of private schools will force and overall change in education on both ends. Autini (2006) believes that the advent of private education has resulted in the re-molding of public education. The interjection of private schools onto the field of education has r esulted in the altering of old public school tenets.While private education entities adopt public school models such as credentialed teachers, age-defined grades and courses such as math and science they, are also seen to loosely couple by avoiding stark performance indicators such as standardized tests and y embracing broad, often shady goals such as socialization and inclusion (Aurini, 2006, p. 83). In addition, these strategies permit schools to integrate a variety of objectives and ward off inspection that would otherwise expose inefficiencies and inconsistencies (p. 84).Private educators legitimize these alterations by relying on arguments of increased individualism and technical advances (Aurini, 2006, p. 83). They claim to be satisfying consumer demand for more individual education programs. It is also important to note that many private high schools have not been successful when competing with public schools (Aurini and Davies, 2004, p. 423). In fact the history of performa nce contractors is sometimes one of rapid ascent quickly followed by failure (Aurini and Davies, 2004, p. 423). It appears as though business are more successful when they dont have to come up against public, free educational options such as preschools, colleges and private tutoring enterprises. As tutoring is a form of supplementary education that does not compete directly with public schools it is exempt from this type of market competition from public schools (Aurini and Davies, 2004). This of course is important to take into consideration when discussing high schools in Ontario, which remain over 90% public. ConclusionWhether private high schools are successful or not it is clear that they are not only impact the market but the whole of the education system in Canada. Their rise in the previous years from institutions created with skepticism to viable alternatives to public education is significant. Clearly the degradation of public high schools is closely associate to the neo -liberal economic model calling for less government and more markets. It is a model that claims to know the answers to our future and to the future of our children. Market competition will make for a better school system with more individual choices. Private high schools mix well with the current individualistic tendencies shown in parents and students and which so clearly fit in with the core tenets espoused by private institutions.As we have seen in this work private high schools are not always the best high schools, neither socially nor economically. The best schools may be the ones that allow for the greatest insertion into our ever-changing society by its students. Fotopoulos, in an (2004) claims that,culture in general and education in particular play a crucial role in the determination of individual and collective values. This is because as long as individuals live in a society, they are not just individuals but social individuals, subject to a process that socializes them an d induces them to internalize the existing institutional framework and the dominant social paradigm. (p.15)Social apt students are often the most successful students. It readiness be relevant to discuss just how much individualism is good for us, our society and our schools.ReferencesAurini, J. (2006). Crafting Legitimation Projects An institutional Analysis of Private Education Businesses. Sociological Forum 21, 83-111Aurini, J. (2004). Educational Entrepreneurialism in the Private Tutoring Industry reconciliation Profitablity with the Humanistic Face of Schooling. The Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology 41, 475-492.Aurini, J Davies, S. (2007) Choice without markets homeschooling in the context of private education British Journal of Sociology of Education 26, 461 474Aurini, J Davies, S. (2004). The transformation of private tutoring education in a franchise form. Canadian Journal of Sociology 29, 419-Cowley, P. (2001). Report Card on Ontarios Secondary Schools 2001 Edition. The Fraser Institute http//www.fraserinstitute.ca/shared/readmore.asp?sNav=pbid=239Davies, S. (1999). From Moral trade to Cultural Rights A Case Study of Political Framing in Education Sociology of Education 72, 1-21.Finn, C. (2001) Reinventing Public Education Via the Marketplace. The Fraser Institute http//www.fraserinstitute.ca/shared/readmore.asp?sNav=pbid=270Fotopoulos, T. (2004). democracy, Paideia and Education Culture, the Dominant Social Paradigm, and the Role of Education In Ross, W. E. argue Public Schools. (15-29). Westport, CT.Praeger.Gabbard, D. A. (2004). 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