Principles of Management - Microsoft Essay Example for Free

Principles of Management Microsoft Essay Planning involves defining goals, establishing strategies for achieving those goals, and developing plans to integrate and coordinate activities; Organizing involves arranging and structuring work to accomplish the organization’s goals; Leading involves working with and through people to accomplish organizational goals; Controlling involves monitoring, comparing, and correcting work performance. Background of Company Microsoft Corporation, incorporated in 1981, is engaged in developing, licensing and supporting a range of software products and services. The Company also designs and sells hardware, and delivers online advertising to the customers. The Company operates in eight segments: Windows amp; Windows Live Division (Windows Division), Server and Tools Business, Online Services Division (OSD), Microsoft Business Solutions, Microsoft Office Division, Microsoft Phone Division, Skype and Interactive Entertainment Business. The Company’s products include operating systems for personal computers, servers, phones, and other intelligent devices, server applications for distributed computing environments, productivity applications, business solution applications, desktop and server management tools, software development tools, video games, and online advertising. Microsoft Corporation is more than the largest software company in the world: it is a cultural phenomenon. Microsoft is led by Bill Gates, the worlds wealthiest individual and most famous businessman, Microsoft has succeeded in placing at least one of its products on virtually every personal computer in the world, setting industry standards and defining markets in the process. Problem Statement Even the giant software company could be at risk of losing its dominance. Its faces a challenges in search, web browsing, mobile devices, web server software and even the desktop operating system market. Study Objective Microsoft will come out some new products in order to beat their competitors. Â  According to Jon Brodkin, Microsoft’s Online Services Division powered by Bing and MSN is the only one that consistently loses money, including $2. 6 billion lost over the past 2 years. Second is the web browser. Once upon a time, Microsofts Internet Explorer commanded greater than 90% market share, dominating the browser market as much as Windows dominates PCs today. The Microsoft monopoly earned itself antitrust penalties by beating Netscape into submission, but it wasnt until the rise of Mozilla Firefox and Google Chrome that the monopoly would be broken. The discrepancy between numbers of users and amount of usage suggests that the webs heaviest users are the ones who replace the default Internet Explorer with Firefox and Chrome. Â  For all its success as the world’s biggest maker of PC operating systems and office programs, Microsoft’s position as the dominant provider of software to consumers is at risk. While Windows still powers the vast majority of desktops and laptops, the emergence of mobile devices and increasing reliance on the Internet have shown consumers and businesses alike that much of what we call personal computing can be done without touching a single Microsoft product. Microsoft is still a giant, with $70 billion (? 43 billion) in annual revenue and an amazing 11 products that earn at least $1 billion a year. First of all, the first challenge is in search engine. Bing loses money over the past 2 years. Microsoft cares about search because of advertising revenue, and also because Google has become synonymous with the Internet in almost the same way Microsoft became synonymous with personal computers. Moreover, Microsofts Internet Explorer used to be a popular browser before Firefox and Chrome were launched to the market. According to the journal above, the issue of Microsoft Corporation facing is some of their software is not competitive enough to confront their competitors. Microsoft might improve or upgrade their software such as Bing and Internet Explorer regularly, always give consumers a fresh or new interface. In addition, they might make their software more function than others so that they are strong enough to beat their competitors. So as to improve the software, Microsoft has to make sure their employees’ skills are up to date. Microsoft should create a spirituality and organizational culture. Workplace spirituality recognizes that people have an inner life that nourishes and is nourished by meaningful work that takes place in the context of community. Benefits of spirituality are to improved employee productivity, increased creativity, stronger organizational performance and increased team performance. Furthermore, Microsoft might provide a proper training to their employees to make sure they can come out a new product for the company. DISCUSSION Employees are an organization’s greatest resource, and creativity is theirs. Creativity is the life force, the energy that leads to profitability. In globally competitive organizations, creativity occurs in every department at every level. Every employees uniqueness is recognized and celebrated. The goal of their leaders is bringing out the best in employees. They know that organizations are only as rich as the quality of their employees ideas.

Narcolepsy :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Wake Up! A Quick Look at Narcolepsy It is estimated that humans spend one-third of their lives asleep (1). With sleep appearing to be not only the ultimate pastime, but also a survival imperative, the field of sleep research is quite broad, boasting many different areas of study. By examining phenomena like sleep disorders neurobiologists can hope to understand the mechanisms of normative sleep, in addition to perfecting treatment for suffers. Narcolepsy is one such disorder that affects an estimated 250, 000 or 1 in 2000 Americans; similar numbers are estimated for Parkinson's or multiple sclerosis (2). A widespread, though often misdiagnosed disease (fewer than 50, 000 are aware of their condition), narcolepsy can be characterized by chronic daytime sleepiness, cataplexy, sleep paralysis, and hypanogic hallucinations (3 ). The latter three of the tetrad of symptoms also occur in non-narcoleptic individuals; sleep episodes are the main determinant in diagnosis. Only 20 to 25 percent of narcoleptics suffer from all fou r symptoms (2). This paper has several goals, all of which involve clarifying the disease and its symptoms in different contexts. In order to do this sleep will first be explained in some detail, followed by a biological and psychological treatment of narcolepsy. Research of narcolepsy and its implications for the future shows steps to be taken in order to garner a better understanding this particular brain/behavior relationship. To start at a beginning of sorts, REM sleep and its importance should be discussed. Sleep is in fact not the passive activity it was once assumed to be. It appears that during sleep many things are going on in the brain, which are documented by electroencephalograms (EEGs) measuring neocortical neuronal activity. Sleep occurs in a cycle of distinct stages, with apparent contrasts from early sleep, deep sleep, and REM (rapid eye movement) sleep (4). During REM sleep neurons in the neocortex behave similarly to how they would when a person is awake, displaying desynchronized EEG. The first REM stage occurs 70 to 90 minutes into sleep and approximately 20% of a night's sleep is spent in this type of sleep (4). Since this stage of sleeping is associated with dreaming, it is logical that in REM sleep muscles become temporarily paralyzed, a state called muscle atonia. REM sleep is important for overall health and regulation of the nervous system. In other sleep stages, or non-REM stages, E EGs are synchronized, only partial muscle relaxation is present, and dreaming is less frequent (2).

POVERTY IN JAMAICA Essay

Poverty is generally accepted as an undesirable condition. However, defining poverty is extremely difficult and several definitions exist. According to Dennis brown (1995), He defined poverty as a state in which an ‘‘individual or group possesses less than some standard which has been defined as acceptable†. In the world we live it is generally accepted that there are two kinds of poverty, public and private poverty, however, the focus on poverty in this paper relates to Jamaica and its struggle to vanquish poverty. Poverty has been a persistent feature of Jamaica’s environment from the post-emancipation period, and from their, it has been a subject of continuing concern and analysis for Caribbean academics and welfare practitioners. It is mainly in the past decade the notion of poverty and poverty reduction come to occupy the central position in both local and international policy. With boldness, Jamaica promulgates policy statements that poverty will be era dicated. With this continuing dance around the crisis of poverty, the distinction between cause and consequence has become increasingly blurred, with the result that poverty reduction policies have little chance of reducing the extreme risks and hardships that Jamaicans face on a regular basis. In both national and international dialogue, the assumption remains unchallenged that poverty can be reduced if only one could correctly and channel the assistance directly to the deserving poor. The deserving poor are considered the vulnerable because of their demographic of physical characteristics, which may predispose them to health risk situations. Even though every individual will gladly accept any help they can get it is considered unfair to the real less fortunate’s of society According to the Planning Institute of Jamaica, over the past decade, the percentage of the Jamaican population classified as poor fell from 30.5 percent in 1989 to 16.9 percent in 1999. With an estimated population of 2.58 million persons, this was equivalent to approximately 400,000 persons who were unable to meet their basic needs. Assuming that three-quarters of the poor were located in rural areas, as in 1998, an estimated 300,000 rural persons lived below the poverty line. The methodology o fficially used in calculating the number of those who fall below the poverty line follows international practice and is built around the cost of feeding a low income family. It is therefore highly insensitive to the changes in food cost. Most basic foods were imported; the effect of 1991 deregulation of the foreign  exchange was immediately reflected in the poverty level, which soared to 44.6 percent. Since 1992 the poverty level has followed a steady downward path, until 1998 when it was estimated at 15.9 percent. One of the reasons why poverty permeates Jamaica’s environment is due to a number of factors that needs immediate attention which is still present in the 21st century today. Rural households are large and includes more children than in KMA( Kingston metropolitan area) households, rural area contains larger proportions of elderly and small proportions of persons in the prime working ages, as well as they can only afford to spend only two-thirds of what (KMA) counterparts spend on food beverages for each household member and their members a more likely to report being ill and less likely able to seek medical care. The question pertaining to who are considered as the poor is generally taken as sufficient justification for the heavy emphasis of current poverty reduction programs on the two target groups of children and the elderly. However in an article named (â€Å"A Rose by any other name†). A woman by Rose Morgan has been sitting outside the villa medical centre in Mandeville who came from Westmoreland in her early 20s seeking job opportunities. According to rose she came to Mandeville and she was pursued by a man that accommodated her at his home, but eventually he died. Now Rose lives off the sincerity of those that pass her by the street. Poverty receives considerable less attention, particularly because of the inadequacy of employment. If rose had a job which she said was impossible to get, she would be else where rather than begging on the streets. From 1995 the government has been trying to get rid of living conditions such as these. The formulation of the program called (NPEP) N ational Poverty Eradication Progamme, coordinated by the Office of the Prime Minister was design to improve the state of the country. This Programme serves as an umbrella for existing programs today such as the Human Employment and Resource Training, (HEART), Microenterprise credit programs; poor relief; public assistance; and food stamp Programmes. Social and economic support Programmes were also developed to promote the employment rate. Employment is seen as one of the major influences on poverty. On November 28, 2012 a Gleaner article entitle, (â€Å"Youth Unemployment still triples national average†), shows that in spite of the government trying to eliminate poverty from Jamaica’s landscape it has some how still manages to inhabit the air we breathe. According to  Director Dr Gladstone Hutchinson, he states that STATIN data during a review of the quarterly economic performance, Jamaica’s labour force increases by 20,600 in the past year (2011). The youth unemployment has consistently run two or three times the national average. The percentage of unemployed youths was 28.7%. The only improvement in jobless rate was on April 2012 (14.3%). The back of poverty is hard to brake, and I insist because majority of those without jobs are unqualified and it is either difficult at their age to pursue any form of higher education or they have no source of funding to do so. These groups of people falls w ithin the poverty category called the consumption group. For operational purposes, the Government of Jamaica (GOJ) has enunciated three categories of poverty which are: Chronic Poverty, which exists when an individual is incapacitated and incapable of independently procuring the requisite means of sustenance. This category includes persons who are unable to work because of chronic physical and mental infirmity or old age and children without parents or with parents who are incapacitated. Those in this category of poverty are the primary beneficiaries of the welfare Programmes that fall under the (NPEP). Consumption Poverty, which refers to able-bodied adults who are unable to meet their basic consumption requirements. This means, they fall below the poverty line as determined by mean per capita consumption expenditure. This category may include both the employed and unemployed. Resource/capability Poverty, which refers to those who are deprived of access to private and public resources such as a basic education, basic health care, basic housing, transportation, healthy environment, water and employment. This deprivation of these basic resources in turns results in impoverishment. Categorizing poverty in this format allows the government to allocate the necessary assistance to the right persons. Hence they will not give those who need help less more than what they deserve. One of the most diverse Programmes, aiming at breaking the back of poverty is the PATH Programme. It is said often times that the children are the future, it is clear that the aim of the Programme of Advancement Through Health is to break the generational struggle starting with the future of the country. Even though Path assists the elderly and the incapable, most of the focus is placed on the school which is essential for anyone’s country. On February the 4th, 2007. The Sunday Glea ner had an article about PATH, (â€Å"Out of Poverty†) emphasizing the 1.2 million spent on  path beneficiaries which 70% were to school children. PATH is a conditional cash transfer (CCT) Programme funded by the Government of Jamaica and the World Bank and is aimed at delivering benefits by way of cash grants to the most needy and vulnerable in the society. In the article the Programme is being questioned why everyone is not benefited from Path. However it was stated that it is not because of budget limitations, but path is working on improving the attendance and performance rate in schools. In essence it justifies my point that Path is attacking poverty at the roots. It was introduced Island wide in 2002. With PATH helping to assist in the elimination of poverty, it still does not conclude that path alone can do it. On the 6th of October 2006 in the Daily observer an editorial comment was made where the writer was in favor of the (PIOJ) and (STATIN) survey on November to the month of May in 2005. It states that poverty fell by 12.7 percent. On the contrary though he states that, â€Å"While we recognize that each intervention by the necessary Programmes are important, we are convinced that they do not provide the long-term basis for the eradication of poverty. For the real solution to poverty is sustained and sustainable economic growth†. In correlation to the writers comment, the (NPEP) comprises of the Micro Invest ment Development Agency (MIDA) which was set up to support the microenterprise as mentioned earlier. It provides persons with the opportunity to gain employment through the establishment of their own businesses (2003). To date (MIDA) remains among the single largest providers of microcredit in the island. MIDA alone has been responsible for providing well over one billion Jamaican dollars to the micro-enterprise community between 1992 up until this very day. Hundreds of student graduates from HEART yearly with a skill and is now contributing to Jamaica’s economic growth. For that it seems as though the country’s quest to illuminate poverty is gradually taking place. The literature on poverty in Jamaica dearly indicates that it is a phenomenon associated with low educational attainment and often affects those who are unemployed or self-employed. Other contributing factors to poverty in Jamaica can be traced back to the increasing birthrate, delinquency in schools, child abuse and possibly drug abuse. It is each individual responsibility to profile their actions into actions that will in turn benefit them and the society they reside in. http://www.mlss.gov.jm/pub/index.php?artid=23 2006 ministry of labour and security: Planning institute of Jamaica, survey of living conditions 1998 FUNDING ENTREPRENEURSHIP AMONG THE POOR IN JAMAICA Social & Economic Studies. Jun2008, Vol. 57 Issue 2, p119-148. FFRENCH, SEAN30phttp://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/results?sid=7145 THE DYNAMICS OF POVERTY IN JAMAICA, 1969-1999. Social & Economic Studies. Mar2001, Vol. 50 Issue 1, p199-228. 30p. Henry-Lee, Aldriehttp://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/results?sid=7145 Friday October 6,2006, (â€Å"don’t just alleviate poverty†) the observer (â€Å"out of poverty†) February 4, 2007 the Sunday gleaner The gleaner june 18, 2009 (â€Å"A rose by another name†) Thompson Mepherse (â€Å"Youth unemployment still triples national average†), November the 28, 2012

Public Health and Healthy Communities - 1238 Words

Public Health agencies played a significant role in the past and continue to contribute in improving the overall health of communities through various interventions, focusing on prevention rather than treatment. These preventative measures include but are not limited to sanitizing drinking water, implementing immunizations to eradicate infectious diseases, and creating many programs that promote behaviors beneficial for a healthy community. What is a healthy community? According to the publication Healthy People in Healthy Communities, a healthy community is â€Å"one that embraces the belief that health is more than merely an absence of disease† (Healthy People 1). A healthy community also â€Å"includes those elements that enable people to†¦show more content†¦For example overweight and obesity is linked closely with physical activity. Exercising daily reduces the risk of diabetes caused by obesity or being overweight. We believe that through encouraging daily hea lth-enhancing physical activities peoples’ quality of life can increase. Physically active individuals tend to outlive those who are not. This fact shows that physical activity encompasses increase in lifespan and enhances one’s quality of life, which is one of the two primary goals of Healthy People 2010. Coronary Heart Disease is â€Å"leading cause of death and disability in the United States.† (Physical Activity 3). In addition to controlling weight, physical activity also reduces the risk of developing or dying from heart disease and stroke, thus lowering healthcare costs. The goal of our task force is to increase the number of people performing daily physical activity. First, we plan to create a promotional plan, which would include as many institutions as possible, from schools to businesses to hospitals and most importantly local and state government agencies. Our task force committed to this particular focus area particularly because there are very few people involved in daily physical activity: â€Å"40% of adults in the US do not participate in any regular physical activity† (Healthy People 2010 4). WeShow MoreRelatedPublic Health And Community Healthy Eating Essay1800 Words   |  8 Pagesreasons behind the public health and community healthy eating will be mentioned in the next paragraphs. Introduction Much research and data present facts and the seriousness of obesity, lack of exercise, and poor diet due to diseases. Nutrition education is a worldwide goal to constantly instill in communities, churches, and schools. The rate of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes are global epidemics. According to (HealthyPeople,2016), the overall goal for educational and community-based programsRead MoreHow Public Health System Helps Improve The Quality Of Life And Health Of People847 Words   |  4 PagesPublic health has developed to address several issues, including chronic diseases, infectious diseases, birth defects, injury prevention, violence, and bioterrorism. The knowledge gained through the social sciences, Biostatistics, epidemiology, laboratory science, pharmacology, proteomics, genomics and biochemistry has facilitated the advancement and growth of public health. In addition, the involved practitioners vary. In addition to the nurses, doctors, nutritionists, and engineers, the syste mRead MoreHealth Of Health And Human Services1443 Words   |  6 Pages Healthy People 2020 Promise Ukachu Standard College of Nursing Nursing 400 Community Health Dr Amara August 31, 2015 Overview: Healthy People The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services isRead MoreHealth Promotion And Disease Prevention1239 Words   |  5 PagesIn today’s generation, many people don’t have a healthy way of living. We all have a choice to live with a healthy lifestyle, but many choose to live just for today. While there may not be anything wrong with living that way, the US Department of Health and Human Services (Healthy People 2020, 2010) set out to create a program to promote health across all stages of life. That is where Healthy People 2020 comes in. Healthy People 2020 is an approach with a set purpose, a list of multi sector prioritiesRead MoreImportance Of Public Health1006 Words   |  5 PagesPublic health is defined as the science of protecting and improving people’s health and their communities. Public health is achieved through promotion of healthy lifestyles, researching the prevention of diseases and injuries, as well as detecting, thwarting and responding to in fectious disease outbreaks. As such, public health involves protecting the health of entire populations, for example, in local neighborhoods or in an entire country or region of the world. The mission of public health is toRead MoreA Short Note On Type II Diabetes Among Aboriginal Adults994 Words   |  4 Pagesand its complications is one of the rising public health issues among the Canadian population especially the aboriginal communities of Canada. Aboriginal people are indigenousness people of Canada before the arrival of European explorers. The aboriginal people include three groups; the first nation, Inuit, and Mà ©tis with their own unique culture, history and spiritual practices (Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada, 2014). According to the public health of Canada (2011), before 1940, diabetes amongRead MoreHCS 457 Week 1 DQs Essay635 Words   |  3 Pagescomponents of public and community health differ from individual health? Describe each component and provide examp les from your life. According to Public Health Infrastructure - Healthy People (n.d.), Public health infrastructure includes 3 key components that enable a public health organization at the Federal, Tribal, State, or local level to deliver public health services. These components are: †¢ A capable and qualified workforce †¢ Up-to-date data and information systems †¢ Public health agenciesRead MorePublic Health1163 Words   |  5 PagesPUBLIC HEALTH Health is the word used to describe how your body feels. Being healthy is important because it makes you feel good and live longer. The field of health psychology is focused on promoting health as well as the prevention and treatment of disease and illness. Health psychologists also focus on understanding how people react, cope and recover from illness. Some health psychologists work to improve the health care system and the government s approach to health care policy. HealthRead MoreFaith Based Nurse : Review Healthy People 2020885 Words   |  4 PagesFaith Based Nurse Review Healthy People 2020. Identify objectives that are amenable to parish nurse intervention. Describe how faith communities can contribute to the accomplishment of these national health objectives and accomplish the goal of improving the health of the public. How can nurses working in the community form partnerships with parish nurses and faith communities? How would such partnerships be beneficial? Health and healing are important factors in faith communities. This is because theseRead MoreCommunity Agency : Community Based Agencies1104 Words   |  5 PagesCommunity Agency Community-based agencies are essential to the public to meet the diverse need of the population. It can be a challenge to find a friendly, well established agency to meet the community’s heath requirements. The agency that I feel has met all the essential needs of the community is the Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA) of Franklin County. My family has been active members of this agency 2001, so I feel a personal connection with this organization. The YMCA serves the community